Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, affecting millions globally. This condition occurs when the protective cartilage cushioning the ends of bones in a joint gradually wears away. Over time, this can lead to bones rubbing against each other, causing pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. While there is no cure, various medical professionals can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
Your First Step: The Primary Care Physician
Your primary care physician (PCP) is often the initial point of contact for suspected osteoarthritis. They play a role in assessing symptoms, taking a medical history, and conducting a physical examination of the affected joint. To support a diagnosis, your PCP can order imaging tests like X-rays, which show cartilage loss by revealing a narrowing of the space between bones. Blood tests may also be performed to rule out other types of arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
Your PCP can also initiate treatment for mild to moderate cases of osteoarthritis. This often includes recommending pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and suggesting lifestyle adjustments like weight management and appropriate exercise. These measures aim to reduce joint stress and improve overall function. If symptoms persist or worsen despite initial interventions, your primary care physician can then provide a referral to a specialist.
When to Seek Specialized Care
When initial treatments are insufficient, or if the diagnosis remains unclear, a referral to a specialist becomes appropriate. Various specialists contribute unique expertise to managing osteoarthritis.
A rheumatologist
A rheumatologist specializes in diagnosing and treating conditions affecting joints, muscles, and bones, including various forms of arthritis. They are skilled at differentiating osteoarthritis from inflammatory joint conditions. Rheumatologists manage complex non-surgical cases of osteoarthritis, often developing treatment plans that may include medications or specific injections.
An orthopedic surgeon
An orthopedic surgeon focuses on the musculoskeletal system and can address structural issues within the joints. They perform comprehensive assessments, including imaging, to determine the extent of joint damage. While they offer non-surgical treatments like injections, their expertise is particularly relevant for surgical interventions such as arthroscopy or joint replacement, which may be considered for severe osteoarthritis.
A physical therapist
A physical therapist helps improve joint function, strength, and flexibility, and reduces pain through targeted exercises and rehabilitation. They design personalized exercise programs that can include strengthening, flexibility, and aerobic activities. Physical therapists also teach proper body mechanics and pain management techniques.
An occupational therapist
An occupational therapist assists in adapting daily activities and environments to minimize joint stress and enhance independence. They provide guidance on joint protection techniques and energy conservation strategies. Occupational therapists can recommend assistive devices and modifications to the home or workplace to make tasks easier and safer.
A pain management specialist
A pain management specialist focuses on alleviating chronic pain that does not respond to standard treatments. These specialists use advanced techniques, including injections or other interventional procedures, to target persistent joint pain. Their goal is to reduce discomfort and improve functional ability.
Building Your Osteoarthritis Care Team
Managing osteoarthritis often benefits from a collaborative, multidisciplinary approach involving several healthcare professionals. This team-based care addresses all aspects of the condition, from pain and mobility to daily function. Your primary care physician often coordinates this care, referring you to specialists as needed.
A coordinated team can include your PCP, a rheumatologist, an orthopedic surgeon, physical and occupational therapists, and potentially a pain management specialist. Each member contributes to an individualized treatment plan. This collaborative model aims to improve outcomes and quality of life for individuals with osteoarthritis.