Tinnitus is the perception of sound, such as ringing, buzzing, hissing, or roaring, when no external sound is present. This auditory sensation can occur in one or both ears and may vary in pitch and loudness. Tinnitus is not a disease itself but rather a symptom that indicates an underlying issue within the auditory system or related body systems. Understanding which medical professionals to consult is an important step toward evaluating and managing this condition.
Starting with Your Primary Care Doctor
Your primary care physician (PCP) is often the first medical professional to consult for new tinnitus symptoms. The PCP assesses your medical history and performs a physical examination. This visit helps identify potential causes, such as excessive earwax, ear infections, or high blood pressure.
The PCP will also review your current medications, as some drugs can cause or worsen tinnitus. If the cause is not apparent or requires specialized evaluation, your primary care doctor will provide referrals to specialists. They may also order initial tests, such as blood tests, to check for systemic causes like thyroid problems, anemia, or diabetes.
Key Specialists for Tinnitus
When the primary care doctor’s assessment indicates a need for further investigation, several specialists may become involved. These specialists diagnose and manage the various origins of tinnitus.
Otolaryngologists, or ENT (ear, nose, and throat) specialists, focus on conditions affecting these areas. They investigate ear issues that can cause tinnitus, such as hearing loss, Meniere’s disease, or otosclerosis. An ENT may perform imaging tests, including MRI or CT scans, especially if pulsatile tinnitus is present or if serious conditions like an acoustic neuroma are suspected. Acoustic neuromas are noncancerous tumors on the nerve connecting the inner ear to the brain, and tinnitus can be a symptom.
Audiologists are hearing healthcare professionals who identify, diagnose, and manage auditory and vestibular system disorders. They conduct specialized hearing tests, such as audiograms, tympanometry, and otoacoustic emissions, to assess hearing loss, which is often associated with tinnitus. Audiologists can also fit hearing aids or other devices like tinnitus maskers and sound generators, which help manage tinnitus perception.
Neurologists specialize in disorders of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. A neurologist might be consulted if neurological conditions, such as multiple sclerosis, a head injury, or certain vascular issues, contribute to tinnitus. They evaluate the connections between the brain and nervous system to identify potential neurological origins or contributing factors for tinnitus symptoms.
Other Professionals Who Can Help
Other healthcare professionals can also contribute to tinnitus management, especially when primary medical causes have been addressed.
A dentist or oral maxillofacial specialist may be consulted if tinnitus is related to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. Jaw joint issues can manifest as ear symptoms, including tinnitus. Addressing TMJ problems can reduce associated tinnitus.
Psychologists or psychiatrists help manage the emotional and psychological impact of chronic tinnitus. Persistent tinnitus can cause distress, anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances. Therapies like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) help individuals change their reaction to tinnitus, reducing its perceived severity and improving quality of life.
Physical therapists can help if tinnitus is linked to neck or jaw issues. They assess musculoskeletal factors and develop targeted exercises to alleviate tension and improve function. These interventions can sometimes reduce tinnitus symptoms originating from or influenced by cervical or temporomandibular problems.
Preparing for Your Tinnitus Appointment
Preparing for a medical appointment helps doctors make an accurate diagnosis and develop an effective management plan. Describe your tinnitus, including the sound type (ringing, buzzing, hissing), loudness, frequency, and whether it’s constant or intermittent. Note when it started, if it affects one or both ears, and any worsening or improving factors.
List all current medications, including prescription, over-the-counter, supplements, or herbal remedies. Provide a history of any recent head injuries, loud noise exposure, or past ear infections. Also, list any other accompanying symptoms such as hearing loss, dizziness, pain, or headaches.
Share your medical history and any family history of hearing issues. Prepare a list of questions for the doctor. Seek urgent medical attention if tinnitus appears suddenly with hearing loss, occurs after head trauma, or is accompanied by neurological symptoms like weakness, severe dizziness, or facial paralysis. Tinnitus that pulsates rhythmically with your heartbeat or is present only in one ear also warrants prompt evaluation.