The question of what to call a group of hummingbirds is a common one, reflecting the general fascination with collective nouns. These tiny, fast-moving creatures, known for their iridescent plumage and aerial agility, capture the imagination. Understanding what a group of these birds is called requires looking at both human tradition and the bird’s unique biology, as their social life is complex.
The Accepted Collective Nouns
The most widely accepted collective noun for a group of hummingbirds is a “charm.” This term captures the delightful impression these small birds make as they flit between flowers and feeders.
Several other descriptive names are also used for a gathering of hummingbirds, often highlighting their physical appearance or movements. A group may also be called a “glittering,” a reference to the jewel-like iridescence of their feathers that sparkle in the sunlight. Other terms include a “shimmer” or a “bouquet,” the latter being a nod to their association with nectar-rich flowers.
Solitary Nature of Hummingbirds
Despite these collective names, hummingbirds are primarily solitary animals that do not form cooperative flocks. Outside of the brief mating period, males and females lead independent lives, and the female handles all responsibilities for the nest and raising the young.
Their social structure is characterized by fierce territoriality, which is driven by their incredibly high metabolism. A hummingbird must consume roughly half its body weight in nectar and small insects daily, feeding every 10 to 15 minutes to maintain energy levels. This constant need for fuel makes securing a reliable food source essential for survival.
This territorial instinct leads to aggressive defense of feeding areas, whether it is a patch of flowers or a backyard feeder. A resident male will actively drive away intruders, engaging in aerial battles involving chase attacks and dive-bombing displays. Defending a territory, which can be around a quarter-acre, also allows males to demonstrate dominance and attract mates.
Temporary Gathering Spots
A person is most likely to observe a “charm” or “glittering” of hummingbirds during temporary circumstances when their territoriality is moderated by necessity. These gatherings typically occur around abundant food sources or during migration stopovers.
Abundant Food Sources
One common situation is the presence of an abundant, concentrated food source, such as a large flowering tree or multiple, well-stocked feeders. When the nectar supply is overwhelming, the energy cost of constantly defending the area outweighs the benefit of monopolizing it. This leads to a temporary truce that allows multiple birds to feed simultaneously.
Migration Stopovers
The other major instance of a temporary gathering occurs during migration, particularly in the fall. As hummingbirds prepare for their long journey south, they must rapidly build up fat reserves. This intense need to refuel causes them to cluster at stopover locations with numerous feeders. While they appear to be in a group, these are simply loose clusters of individuals focused on consuming nectar to fuel their long-distance flights.