Seals are captivating marine mammals that spend much of their lives in the ocean, yet often return to land or ice for crucial life stages like birth and resting. These animals, known for their sleek bodies and often playful demeanor, spark natural curiosity about their biology and the specific names given to them at various stages of their lives. Understanding this terminology provides insight into their unique life cycle and social structures.
The Term for a Baby Seal
The common term for a baby seal is a “pup.” This designation applies broadly across various seal species, from the smaller harbor seals to the larger elephant seals. While “whelp” is occasionally used to refer to a young seal, “pup” remains the more commonly recognized term. Baby seals are considered pups from birth until they are fully weaned, a period that typically lasts for several weeks.
Names for Adult Seals and Groups
Adult male seals are often referred to as “bulls” and females as “cows,” particularly in species like elephant seals and grey seals. When seals gather together, collective nouns describe these aggregations. A large gathering of seals is often called a “colony,” particularly when they are on land or ice. Other terms include a “herd” or “pod,” which can refer to seals traveling or feeding together. During breeding seasons, a concentration of seals is known as a “rookery,” and a dominant male with multiple females can form a “harem.”
Glimpse into Early Seal Life
Seal pups enter the world on stable platforms of land or ice, providing a secure environment for their initial development. Many species, such as harp seal pups, are born with a distinctive fluffy white fur coat, sometimes referred to as a “whitecoat.” This specialized fur provides insulation and camouflage against snowy or icy backdrops, aiding in their survival during early life.
Newborn pups experience rapid growth, fueled by their mother’s rich milk, which can contain a high fat content. This milk allows pups to gain significant weight daily, with harp seal pups gaining about 2.2 kg (5 pounds) per day and grey seal pups gaining up to 10 kg (22 pounds) per week.
This rapid weight gain is essential for developing a thick layer of blubber, which provides insulation against cold marine environments. Within weeks, pups begin to shed their fur, developing a sleeker, more waterproof coat that is suited for aquatic life. Some species, like harbor seals, can swim almost immediately after birth, while others take a few weeks to develop this skill before venturing into the water to forage.