Wrasses are a diverse and colorful family of marine fish, known as Labridae, encompassing over 600 species across 81 genera. These fish display a wide range of sizes, shapes, and vibrant coloration. Wrasses are commonly found in tropical and subtropical waters worldwide, inhabiting various marine environments such as coral reefs, rocky shores, and even temperate waters. Their widespread presence makes them a noticeable component of many aquatic ecosystems.
What Wrasse Eat in the Wild
Wrasses are primarily carnivorous, though some species exhibit omnivorous tendencies. Many wrasses consume crustaceans like crabs and shrimp, as well as mollusks, polychaete worms, and echinoderms. Some larger species may also prey on small fish.
These fish are active foragers. Many wrasses use their pointed snouts and prominent teeth to probe crevices in rocks and corals, searching for hidden prey. Some species are known to overturn rocks or pieces of coral to expose invertebrates beneath them. Additionally, certain smaller wrasses exhibit “following behavior,” trailing larger fish to capture invertebrates disturbed from the substrate.
A characteristic feature of many wrasses is the presence of strong pharyngeal jaws, a second set of teeth in their throat, which enables them to crush hard-shelled invertebrates. While their diet is predominantly animal-based, some wrasse species may also consume plankton, algae, or detritus. Their feeding behavior is diurnal, meaning they are active during the daytime.
Wrasse as Cleaner Fish
Certain wrasse species, such as the bluestreak cleaner wrasse, act as “cleaner fish.” These wrasses establish specialized locations known as “cleaning stations” on coral reefs or rocky outcrops. Here, other larger marine animals, including fish and even sea turtles, visit to have parasites, dead skin, and mucus removed from their bodies.
The cleaner wrasse consumes these external organisms, ridding them of irritants and potential health threats. This interaction represents a symbiotic relationship, where the wrasse obtains a food source, and the larger animal receives a beneficial cleaning service. The clients adopt specific postures to signal their need for cleaning, allowing the wrasse to access various parts of their bodies, including gills and mouths.
Providing for Wrasse in Aquariums
When keeping wrasse in an aquarium, it is important to replicate their natural diet as closely as possible. A varied diet of high-quality foods is paramount for providing all necessary nutrients. Frozen foods are often a staple, with options such as mysis shrimp, brine shrimp, and finely chopped seafood like krill, clams, or squid being highly suitable.
Dry foods can supplement the diet, including marine pellets and flakes. However, these should not be the sole food source, as they may lack the full nutritional profile of natural prey. Feeding frequency ranges from one to three times per day, depending on the species and its activity level. Smaller, more active wrasse may benefit from more frequent, smaller feedings.
Some wrasse species may also benefit from the occasional introduction of live foods like copepods or small amphipods, which can encourage natural hunting behaviors. Ensuring a diverse feeding regimen helps prevent nutritional deficiencies and promotes vibrant coloration and overall vitality in aquarium wrasse.