Vulvar sores are changes in the skin of the vulva, the external female genitalia. These alterations can be a source of discomfort or concern, and their appearance varies significantly. Understanding how these sores manifest helps individuals recognize potential changes. This article describes the common visual characteristics of vulvar sores.
Common Appearances of Vulvar Sores
Vulvar sores can present in several general ways, each with distinct visual characteristics. Blisters often appear as small, fluid-filled bumps on the skin. These delicate lesions can be clear, yellow, or white and may burst easily.
Open sores, also known as ulcers, are open wounds on the skin. They frequently have a reddish base and can be quite painful. Raised areas, referred to as bumps or lumps, may or may not show discoloration and can vary in size.
Warts are another common type of vulvar lesion, presenting as fleshy growths that can have a textured, cauliflower-like appearance. Areas of redness or rash indicate inflamed and irritated skin, which might be widespread across the vulva. Pustules or pimples are small bumps filled with pus, often resembling typical acne.
Specific Conditions and Their Typical Appearance
Specific conditions are often associated with particular appearances of vulvar sores.
Genital Herpes
Genital herpes, caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), manifests as clusters of small, painful blisters. These blisters can break open, leading to shallow, painful ulcers that may then crust over as they heal.
Syphilis
Syphilis, a bacterial infection caused by Treponema pallidum, in its primary stage, usually presents as a single, firm, round, and often painless sore called a chancre. This chancre can appear red or flesh-colored and may be overlooked due to its lack of pain.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection can lead to genital warts, which are fleshy bumps that can be raised or flat, singular or grouped together. These warts can sometimes resemble small cauliflower-like growths and are often skin-colored or whitish.
Folliculitis
Folliculitis involves inflamed or infected hair follicles, appearing as small, red, and sometimes pus-filled bumps that resemble pimples. This bacterial infection can result from shaving, waxing, or friction.
Contact Dermatitis
Contact dermatitis occurs when the vulvar skin reacts to an irritant or allergen. This condition typically presents as red, itchy, and inflamed skin, which may include small blisters or a generalized rash. The affected skin can also appear dry or chapped.
Cysts
Cysts on the vulva are smooth, rounded lumps located under the skin. These can vary in size and may become inflamed or infected, leading to pain or swelling. Bartholin’s cysts, for example, form near the vaginal opening when glands become blocked, resulting in a fluid-filled lump.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Any new or unexplained sore, lump, or rash on the vulva warrants medical evaluation. Consult a healthcare professional for persistent or concerning changes. Self-diagnosis is unreliable due to the varied appearances and underlying causes.
Medical attention is advised if sores are accompanied by pain, itching, bleeding, or unusual discharge. Prompt assessment is necessary if sores do not heal, worsen, or are associated with systemic symptoms like fever, swollen lymph nodes, or general malaise. A healthcare provider can accurately diagnose and recommend appropriate treatment.