A verruca is a common skin growth caused by an infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV), which affects the outer layer of the skin. These small, rough lumps can appear on various parts of the body, though they are particularly common on the feet.
Key Visual Characteristics
Verrucas typically present as firm, rough lumps ranging from a pinhead to over a centimeter in diameter. They often have a grainy or bumpy texture, sometimes resembling a small cauliflower. The surface may appear flat, especially under pressure, and can be surrounded by a raised edge of thickened skin. Their color often matches the surrounding skin, but they can also be yellowish, brownish, or greyish-white.
A distinguishing feature of verrucas is the presence of tiny black dots, often referred to as “pinpricks” or “seeds,” within their core. These dots are not roots but are small clotted blood vessels that have hemorrhaged due to pressure exerted on the growth, particularly on the feet.
Common Locations and Associated Sensations
Verrucas most frequently develop on the soles of the feet, known as plantar warts, often appearing on weight-bearing areas like the balls of the feet or heels. Due to constant pressure from standing and walking, verrucas on the feet tend to grow inwards, becoming flattened rather than raised, which can lead to a hard, callus-like layer forming over them.
Beyond the feet, verrucas can also appear on the hands, fingers, or knees. While many verrucas are painless, those on weight-bearing areas of the feet can cause discomfort or sharp pain when pressure is applied, such as during walking or standing. Some individuals may also experience tenderness when the verruca is squeezed from the sides.
Distinguishing From Other Conditions
Corns and calluses are areas of thickened skin that form in response to friction or pressure, often from ill-fitting footwear. Unlike verrucas, corns and calluses typically do not have the characteristic black dots, and natural skin lines often continue across their surface. Corns are generally painful when direct pressure is applied, whereas verrucas tend to be more painful when squeezed from the sides.
Verrucas are a type of wart, but differ in appearance from common warts (verruca vulgaris) found elsewhere on the body. Common warts are usually raised, firm growths with a rough, cauliflower-like surface, and can appear on hands, fingers, or knees. While common warts can also have black dots, verrucas on the feet are typically flatter due to pressure, and the black dots are often more prominent within the lesion. The skin lines on the foot will be disrupted by a verruca, unlike a callus where they remain intact.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While many verrucas resolve on their own, consult a healthcare professional in certain situations. Seek medical attention if the verruca is causing significant pain or discomfort, especially if it interferes with daily activities. A doctor’s evaluation is recommended if the verruca is bleeding, changing in appearance, or spreading to other areas of the body.
Individuals with a weakened immune system, diabetes, or reduced sensation in their feet should also seek professional advice for any new skin growths. If self-treatment options have proven ineffective, or if there is uncertainty regarding the diagnosis, consulting a healthcare provider can help confirm the condition and explore further treatment options.