A routine professional teeth cleaning, often performed by a dental hygienist, is a preventive health measure designed to maintain a healthy mouth and prevent disease. This procedure targets the removal of deposits that regular brushing and flossing cannot eliminate. The primary goal is to ensure the teeth and gums remain healthy while allowing for the early detection of developing oral health issues, such as decay or gum disease. This maintenance is typically recommended every six months.
Removing Plaque and Tartar
The core of the cleaning involves eliminating the soft film known as plaque and its hardened form, tartar, also called calculus, which is a significant irritant to gum tissue. Plaque is a biofilm of bacteria that constantly forms on the teeth, and if it is not removed through daily oral hygiene, it absorbs minerals from saliva and calcifies into tartar. Unlike plaque, this rock-hard tartar cannot be brushed away at home and requires specialized instruments for removal.
Dental professionals use a technique called scaling to meticulously remove these deposits from the tooth surfaces and along the gum line. This is accomplished with tools such as manual scalers, which are fine, hooked instruments used to scrape away the buildup. Ultrasonic instruments are also employed, using high-frequency vibrations and a fine mist of water to break up larger, more stubborn pieces of tartar. Patients may experience a scraping sensation or some sensitivity, but the process thoroughly clears the toxins that cause inflammation and decay.
Smoothing and Finishing the Teeth
Once plaque and tartar have been removed through scaling, the next step focuses on smoothing the tooth surfaces. This is achieved using a low-speed handpiece with a soft, revolving rubber cup to apply a specialized, mildly abrasive paste. This paste gently scrubs the enamel, effectively removing residual microscopic plaque and surface stains caused by food, coffee, or tobacco.
The polishing action gives the teeth their characteristic smooth, slick feeling after the appointment. This smooth finish is important because it makes the surface less hospitable for new plaque to adhere to, delaying the future buildup of bacterial film. Following the polishing, the hygienist performs professional flossing to ensure that every interdental space is clear of any paste or loosened debris. This step also allows the professional to check for any bleeding or sensitivities that might indicate areas needing better home care.
The Final Examination and Protective Treatments
The appointment concludes with a comprehensive assessment of the entire oral cavity, which is typically performed by the dentist. Using a small mirror and a dental explorer, the dentist visually and physically examines the teeth for signs of small cavities or existing wear. They also check the soft tissues of the gums, tongue, and cheeks for any abnormal changes that could indicate early stages of gum disease or more serious conditions like oral cancer.
Following the examination, a protective fluoride treatment may be applied to the teeth. Fluoride is applied in a concentrated form, such as a gel, foam, or varnish. The purpose of this treatment is to help remineralize and strengthen the tooth enamel, enhancing its resistance to acid attacks from bacteria and preventing future decay. Based on the findings, the dental professional will then advise on the appropriate frequency for future cleanings.