Termite swarmers are winged reproductive adults, also known as alates. Their emergence signals that a mature colony has grown large enough to produce new reproductives. Understanding their appearance helps homeowners recognize a potential problem and identify a hidden termite infestation.
Key Physical Features
Termite swarmers possess distinct physical characteristics. They typically measure between 1/4 to 1/2 inch in length, including their wings, though some species can be larger, reaching up to an inch. Their bodies can vary in color, often appearing dark brown or black, but some species may have lighter tan or yellowish coloration.
A prominent feature is their two pairs of wings, which are typically translucent or light-colored and of equal size and length. These wings are noticeably longer than the termite’s body, extending beyond its abdomen. After a swarming event, these wings are often shed, leaving behind small piles near windowsills or light sources.
Their antennae are straight and appear beaded. Unlike some other insects, termite swarmers have a broad waist, meaning their body is uniform in thickness from head to abdomen. This straight body shape contrasts with other winged insects often mistaken for them.
Distinguishing from Flying Ants
It is common to confuse termite swarmers with flying ants, as both can appear as winged insects. However, several key differences allow for accurate identification. A primary distinction lies in their wings: termite swarmers have two pairs of wings that are equal in size and length. In contrast, flying ants have two pairs of wings where the front pair is noticeably larger and longer than the hind pair.
Their antennae also differ significantly. Termite swarmers feature straight antennae that often look like a string of small beads. Flying ants, on the other hand, have antennae that are distinctly elbowed or bent at a 90-degree angle.
Another distinguishing characteristic is their body shape. Termite swarmers have a thick, straight waist, giving their body a more uniform, tube-like appearance. Conversely, flying ants possess a pinched or constricted waist, creating a clear separation between their thorax and abdomen, giving them a three-segmented body.
What Their Presence Signifies
The appearance of termite swarmers indicates an underlying issue. When these winged termites are seen, especially indoors, it suggests the presence of a mature, established termite colony nearby. These swarmers are the reproductive members of the colony, sent out to find mates and establish new colonies.
Their presence means the existing colony is large enough to produce reproductives, which can take several years to mature. While the swarmers themselves do not cause structural damage, their emergence signals that thousands of worker termites are likely already active and consuming wood within or around the property. Finding discarded wings indoors also serves as a strong sign of an active termite infestation.
Spotting swarmers, whether indoors or outdoors, indicates that termites are actively present and expanding. If swarmers are found inside a home, it usually means the colony is located within the structure itself or directly beneath it. If observed outdoors, the colony might be in the yard or a neighboring property, but still poses a risk to the home.
Immediate Steps After Spotting
If you encounter termite swarmers, taking action is advisable. It is generally recommended not to disturb them by spraying or attempting to eliminate them yourself, as this can scatter them and make professional assessment more challenging. Instead, try to contain them by closing off the room where they are present.
Collecting a few samples of the swarmers, if possible and safe, can be very helpful for professional identification. Place them in a small container or a sealed plastic bag. This sample can assist a pest control expert in confirming the species and developing an effective treatment plan.
Contacting a professional pest control service specializing in termites is advisable without delay. A professional can conduct a thorough inspection to determine the extent of the infestation and identify the source of the colony. Termite infestations are often hidden and require specialized knowledge and equipment for effective treatment, which is beyond typical DIY methods.