Dental veneers are thin, custom-made coverings bonded to the front surface of natural teeth. They enhance smiles by addressing cosmetic concerns like discoloration, chips, gaps, or misalignments. While veneers provide a durable aesthetic solution, many wonder about the condition of the natural tooth structure underneath these shells.
The Tooth Preparation Process
Preparing teeth for veneers involves removing a small amount of enamel from the front surface. This removal is typically minimal, often around 0.5 millimeters, which is roughly the thickness of a fingernail. This enamel reduction creates space for the veneer, preventing bulkiness, and provides a surface for strong adhesion.
This conservative reshaping ensures the veneer blends seamlessly with surrounding teeth. Local anesthetic is commonly used for patient comfort. After the enamel is reduced, impressions of the prepared teeth are taken to create custom-fitted veneers in a dental laboratory.
The Appearance of Prepared Teeth
After enamel reduction, natural teeth change significantly in appearance. They will typically look smaller and more tapered than their original shape, particularly on the front and sides, and may appear “stubby” or “peg-like.” Their color will also differ, often appearing a natural, slightly darker or yellower shade as the outer, typically whiter enamel layer is thinned or removed, exposing the underlying dentin.
The texture of these teeth will feel rougher than natural enamel. This rough texture results from the etching process, which creates microscopic pores for stronger bonding. Sensitivity to hot and cold temperatures can also occur because the more sensitive dentin may be exposed.
Sensitivity and Care for Prepared Teeth
If a veneer detaches or is temporarily removed, the underlying tooth can experience increased sensitivity. This sensitivity often manifests as discomfort from hot or cold foods, drinks, air, or pressure. The reduction of enamel during preparation can expose the dentin, which contains microscopic tubules leading to the tooth’s nerve.
If a veneer comes off, it is important to contact a dentist promptly. Temporary veneers may be placed to protect the exposed tooth and reduce sensitivity until a permanent veneer can be reattached or replaced. Maintaining gentle oral hygiene, such as using a soft-bristled toothbrush and non-abrasive toothpaste, is advised for prepared teeth that are temporarily exposed.
Veneers and Long-Term Oral Health
Maintaining the health of the teeth underneath veneers over the long term is important. Even with veneers, the natural teeth remain susceptible to issues like decay and gum disease if not properly cared for. The areas of the tooth not covered by the veneer, such as the back, sides, and gum line, are still vulnerable to plaque accumulation and bacterial activity.
Regular brushing, flossing, and consistent dental check-ups are necessary to prevent cavities and maintain gum health around the veneered teeth. Veneers themselves do not prevent cavities from forming on the natural tooth structure. Veneers also have a lifespan, typically several years, after which they may need replacement.