Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures that are part of the body’s immune system. They are distributed throughout the body, with clusters found in the neck, armpits, and groin area. These nodes defend the body against infections by trapping bacteria, viruses, and other foreign materials. When the body encounters an infection or inflammation, the lymph nodes in the affected region can swell as they work to filter and destroy these invaders.
Identifying Swollen Groin Lymph Nodes
Normal groin lymph nodes are typically small and often not noticeable to the touch, feeling like soft, pea-sized lumps. They are usually oval or bean-shaped. When swollen, their characteristics change, making them more apparent.
A swollen groin lymph node might feel like a lump under the skin, ranging from pea or marble-sized to larger. They are generally oval or round. The texture can range from firm to rubbery, and in some cases, soft.
Swollen nodes can be tender or painful to the touch. They may also be mobile, meaning they can be moved slightly under the skin. Often, the skin overlying a swollen lymph node may appear red or feel warm. Both single and multiple swollen nodes can occur in the groin area.
Common Causes of Swollen Groin Lymph Nodes
Swollen groin lymph nodes frequently indicate an infection or inflammation in the lower body, including the legs, feet, genitals, or lower abdomen. The lymph nodes in this region filter lymphatic fluid from these areas, and when they encounter a large number of pathogens or inflammatory substances, they enlarge as the immune system works to combat the issue.
Infections are the most common reason for swollen groin lymph nodes, including bacterial, viral, or fungal types. Examples include skin infections like cellulitis, fungal infections such as jock itch or athlete’s foot, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like syphilis, gonorrhea, or genital herpes.
Other causes involve urinary tract infections or minor injuries to the lower extremities. Less commonly, inflammatory conditions or systemic illnesses can also lead to lymph node swelling. In rare instances, serious conditions, such as cancers, can cause lymph nodes to swell, though this is less frequent than infection-related causes.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While swollen groin lymph nodes are often a temporary response to a minor infection, certain signs warrant medical evaluation. Consult a healthcare professional if the swelling persists for more than a few weeks or continues to enlarge. Nodes that are unusually hard, fixed in place, or do not move when pressed also require evaluation.
Additional symptoms indicating a need for medical attention include unexplained weight loss, persistent fever, or night sweats. If the skin over the swollen node becomes red, warm, or shows signs of streaking, this may suggest an infection. Swelling without an obvious cause, or if there is general concern, also warrants a medical consultation. A healthcare professional can accurately diagnose the cause and recommend appropriate treatment.