Wisdom tooth extraction often requires the use of sutures, or stitches, to help the surgical site heal properly. These small threads are placed by the oral surgeon to close the incision made in the gum tissue. Understanding what these stitches look like and how they function can help set expectations for the recovery process. Stitches provide support to the delicate tissue as it begins to regenerate and close the gap left by the removed tooth.
Visual Characteristics and Materials
The appearance of stitches varies based on the material used, but they generally look like thin threads stretched across the extraction socket. They may be dark (black or dark blue), especially if non-dissolvable materials like silk are used. Stitches can also be white, clear, or a lighter color, particularly with certain dissolvable sutures.
The two main categories are absorbable (dissolvable) and non-absorbable. Dissolvable sutures are most frequently used in oral surgery and are made from materials like polyglycolic acid, which the body breaks down over time. Non-absorbable sutures, such as silk or nylon, do not degrade and require a follow-up appointment for removal. The texture ranges from a smooth, single-strand monofilament to a braided thread, secured by small knots at the incision ends.
Purpose and Expected Duration
The primary function of sutures is to hold the edges of the gum tissue together, stabilizing the protective blood clot that forms in the empty socket. Securing the gum flaps minimizes the risk of excessive bleeding and shields the underlying bone and healing tissue from bacteria and food particles. This closure promotes a predictable healing environment.
Dissolvable stitches are used for most patients and are designed to fall out on their own within approximately 5 to 14 days after the procedure. The exact timeline depends on the material type and the rate at which the body’s enzymes break down the suture. Non-dissolvable stitches require removal by the oral surgeon, typically scheduled about 7 days following the extraction.
Managing Stitches During Recovery
Proper care of the surgical site ensures the stitches remain intact long enough to support initial healing. Maintain a soft diet for the first few days, avoiding crunchy, hard, or chewy foods that could dislodge the sutures. Gentle oral hygiene is essential, meaning you must avoid direct, vigorous brushing of the extraction site for about a week.
Begin gentle salt water rinses 24 hours after surgery, mixing one teaspoon of salt into a warm glass of water. Perform the rinse carefully, allowing the water to flow over the area rather than aggressively swishing or spitting, which can strain the stitches or dislodge the blood clot. Avoid using straws, smoking, or creating any sucking action, as this negative pressure can pull on the sutures and open the wound.
Identifying Signs of Complication
Minor discomfort and slight looseness of a dissolving stitch are normal parts of recovery. However, certain signs indicate a possible complication requiring professional attention. Contact your oral surgeon immediately if you experience excessive bleeding that does not stop after applying pressure with gauze, or if swelling suddenly increases after the first 48 hours.
Pus or a yellowish fluid discharge from the wound area is a sign of infection and should be addressed promptly. A persistent, foul odor or taste that does not go away with gentle rinsing may also suggest an infection or a complication like a dry socket. Severe, worsening pain not relieved by prescribed medication should also prompt a call to your dental office.