Squirrels require water for essential bodily functions such as digestion and temperature regulation. Their hydration needs are met primarily through natural sources, combining direct drinking and moisture acquired from their diet. The amount of water they need daily is relatively small, often estimated at only a few tablespoons, though this increases under certain conditions. Wild squirrels are adept at finding what they need to drink.
Natural Water Sources
Squirrels obtain a significant portion of their daily water intake indirectly from the foods they consume, especially fresh vegetation, fruits, and fungi, which contain high moisture levels. This dietary water reduces the frequency with which they must seek out standing water. They also utilize metabolic water generation, where the oxidation of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins in their diet produces water as a byproduct.
When drinking directly, squirrels are not selective about the source. They readily drink from natural accumulations like rain puddles, streams, and ponds, or by licking dew and rainwater directly from leaves and grass. In urban environments, they may also use man-made sources, such as bird baths and pet dishes. Finding adequate water is rarely a challenge unless the area is experiencing a severe drought.
Specialized Seasonal Drinking
A seasonal drinking behavior involves the consumption of tree sap, particularly during late winter and early spring. When other food and moisture resources are scarce, squirrels seek out the xylem fluid flowing within certain trees. This behavior is distinct from simple hydration because the sap provides a valuable source of sugars, minerals, and other nutrients, acting as an energy supplement.
To access this sweet liquid, squirrels gnaw or strip the bark of trees like maple, birch, and elm, creating small, shallow incisions. They often return to these “tap” holes repeatedly to lap up the flowing sap. Scientists have observed that squirrels sometimes allow the watery sap to evaporate slightly before drinking, which concentrates the sugars into a more energy-dense snack.
Hydration Misconceptions and Risks
While squirrels are resourceful in finding water, well-meaning people sometimes offer harmful liquids. High-sugar beverages, such as soda, juice, or sweetened water, pose a risk because the excessive sugar content can cause severe digestive upset or dehydration. Similarly, dairy products like cow’s milk are not easily digestible by squirrels and can lead to diarrhea.
The recommended supplement to a wild squirrel’s hydration is plain, clean water. During periods of extreme heat or drought, providing a shallow dish of fresh water can be helpful, but it must be kept clean to prevent bacterial growth. Offering a constant supply of water is better than any highly processed or sugary drink, which can compromise the animal’s health.