Orthodontic spacers, also known as separators, are small rubber bands or metal springs used to prepare the mouth for traditional braces. They are temporarily placed between specific teeth, most often the back molars, to create necessary space. These devices play an important role in ensuring the subsequent stages of orthodontic treatment proceed smoothly.
The Essential Function of Orthodontic Spacers
The primary function of an orthodontic spacer is to gently create a small gap between two adjacent back teeth. This gap is necessary to accommodate molar bands, which are metal rings that encircle the tooth. Molar bands serve as sturdy anchors for the archwire, which applies the force needed to realign the teeth.
Without sufficient natural space, the orthodontist cannot securely seat these metal bands. The spacer achieves this by exerting continuous pressure on the teeth over a short period. This pressure causes the periodontal ligament to stretch slightly, leading to minimal but adequate separation.
This temporary separation ensures that when the spacers are removed, the molar bands can be fitted quickly and with less discomfort for the patient. The spacers perform the initial movement needed to provide clearance for the anchoring system. This preparatory measure facilitates the secure and effective placement of the full orthodontic appliance.
The Placement Process and Timeline
The process of placing spacers is typically quick and straightforward, often involving small elastic loops or metal springs. The orthodontist uses a specialized tool to stretch the elastic spacer and slide it between the contact points of the molars. Patients usually feel firm pressure during this placement, confirming the device is snugly positioned.
Once installed, spacers are worn for a short duration, usually ranging from one to two weeks. This timeframe allows the continuous force to push the teeth apart by a fraction of a millimeter. The exact duration depends on the patient’s natural spacing and how quickly the teeth respond.
At the follow-up appointment, the spacers are removed quickly, often described as a release of pressure. The created space is immediately utilized to fit the metal molar bands onto the teeth. Successful separation ensures the band placement proceeds with minimal effort, allowing the next stage of braces installation to begin.
Daily Care and Managing Discomfort
It is common to experience some discomfort or a feeling of pressure, which is a sign that the spacers are actively working to move the teeth apart. This soreness often peaks within the first 24 to 48 hours after placement and then begins to subside as the teeth adjust to the change. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, are generally recommended to manage this temporary ache.
Caring for the spacers involves making adjustments to both diet and hygiene routines to prevent accidental dislodgement. Patients must strictly avoid all sticky foods like caramel, taffy, and chewing gum, as these can easily pull the small elastic loops out of place. Hard and crunchy items, such as nuts or popcorn, should also be avoided because chewing them can damage or pop the spacers out.
Oral hygiene requires gentle brushing around the spacers with a soft-bristled toothbrush to keep the area clean. However, flossing between the teeth where the separators are located must be avoided completely, as this action will almost certainly remove them. If a spacer does fall out before the next scheduled appointment, it is important to contact the orthodontist immediately, as the space can close quickly, potentially delaying the banding procedure.