The insect commonly referred to as the “pincher bug” is scientifically known as the earwig, belonging to the insect order Dermaptera. This name comes from the insect’s most prominent physical characteristic: a set of impressive, forceps-like appendages located at the tail end of its body. Recognizing this unique feature serves as the primary clue for identification.
Overall Body Structure and Appearance
Pincher bugs typically exhibit an elongated, slender body shape that is somewhat flattened, allowing them to easily fit into tight crevices and under debris. Most common species range from approximately one-quarter of an inch to one inch in length. The insect’s exoskeleton is usually dark brown, reddish-brown, or black, sometimes with lighter colored legs and antennae.
The head features a pair of segmented, thread-like antennae used for sensing the environment. Three pairs of legs allow for quick, scurrying movement across surfaces. While many species possess wings, they are rarely seen flying. The short, leathery forewings, or tegmina, primarily protect the large, fan-shaped membranous hind wings folded underneath.
The Distinctive Abdominal Pincers
The feature that gives the pincher bug its common name is the pair of hard, chitinous structures called cerci, or forceps, which project prominently from the tip of the abdomen. These forceps are highly distinctive and display a clear difference in shape between the sexes. Male earwigs possess pincers that are generally longer, thicker, and noticeably more curved or bowed.
In contrast, the cerci on female earwigs are typically shorter, straighter, and held more parallel to each other, resembling small, straight scissors. The insect uses these specialized appendages for defense against predators, capturing small prey items, and assisting in unfolding and refolding their delicate hind wings. Males also utilize their robust pincers in ritualized combat with other males during mating.
Where to Find Them
Pincher bugs are terrestrial insects that strongly prefer environments that are dark, cool, and damp. They seek shelter during the day to avoid heat and dehydration. Ideal daytime habitats include the dark spaces underneath rocks, logs, garden mulch, and leaf litter.
Homeowners frequently encounter them in moist areas around the foundation, under outdoor potted plants, or in basements and bathrooms. Their behavior is predominantly nocturnal, meaning they emerge after dark to forage for food. Spotting a pincher bug usually requires disturbing the debris or object under which it is concealed.