“Pincher bug” is a common term for earwigs, insects belonging to the order Dermaptera. These insects are frequently encountered in gardens and homes. Understanding their distinct physical features aids in accurate identification.
Overall Body Shape and Size
Earwigs are typically flattened and elongated, allowing them to fit into narrow spaces such as under bark or in crevices. Their body length commonly ranges from 7 to 50 millimeters, though some species, like the Australian giant earwig, can reach up to 50 millimeters. Coloration varies among species, usually appearing in shades from pale to reddish-brown, dark brown, or black. The body is distinctly segmented, contributing to their flexible movement.
The Defining Pincers
The most recognizable feature of an earwig is the pair of prominent, hardened appendages located at the rear of their abdomen, commonly referred to as pincers or forceps. Scientifically, these structures are known as cerci. These cerci exhibit sexual dimorphism, meaning their shape differs between males and females. Male earwigs generally possess more curved and robust pincers, while females typically have straighter and more slender ones.
These pincers serve various functions. They are used for defense against predators and for capturing and holding prey. The cerci also play a role in courtship rituals and in helping the earwig fold its membranous hindwings neatly under its forewings after flight. Despite their intimidating appearance, an earwig’s pincers are generally not strong enough to cause harm to humans.
Antennae, Legs, and Wings
Earwigs have a pair of thread-like antennae extending from their head, which are segmented and typically consist of at least ten segments. These antennae are constantly moving, sensing the surroundings for food and threats. They possess six slender legs adapted for running, enabling quick movement across surfaces.
Most earwig species have two pairs of wings, although not all are capable of flight or fly frequently. The front pair of wings are short, thickened, and leathery, acting as protective covers for the delicate hindwings. The hindwings are larger, membranous, and fan-shaped, capable of being folded intricately beneath the forewings when not in use. Some earwig species are entirely wingless.
Common Habitats
Earwigs are primarily nocturnal, seeking shelter in dark, damp, and cool locations during the day. They often inhabit environments with decaying organic matter. Common hiding spots include:
Under rocks
Logs
Leaf litter
Mulch
Potted plants
Cracks in building foundations
These insects are attracted to moist conditions, often congregating near outdoor water sources or in damp areas of homes like basements and bathrooms.