Peacock spiders, a group of jumping spiders belonging to the genus Maratus, are small arachnids primarily found across the southern half of Australia. These fascinating creatures are known for their vibrant colors, particularly among males, and their diminutive size, typically ranging from 1.6 to 6 millimeters in body length. Their diet plays a fundamental role in their survival and behavior within their diverse habitats.
Primary Prey
Peacock spiders are insectivores; their diet consists predominantly of small insects and other arthropods. They actively hunt a variety of prey, including flies, moths, winged ants, small beetles, crickets, and even other tiny spiders. These agile predators can tackle prey surprisingly large relative to their own size, sometimes up to three or four times bigger. In some instances, female peacock spiders may even consume males, particularly if the male’s courtship display is unsatisfactory or if the female is hungry after mating.
Hunting and Consumption Methods
Peacock spiders are diurnal hunters, seeking food during the day. Unlike many other spider species, they do not construct webs to capture prey; instead, they use silk primarily for safety lines and shelter. Their hunting strategy relies on exceptional vision, as they possess eight eyes, including specialized primary eyes that provide acute vision and detect ultraviolet light, along with secondary eyes that aid in motion detection.
Once prey is spotted, the peacock spider employs a “stalk and pounce” method, similar to a cat. They approach their target stealthily and then execute a sudden, powerful leap to subdue it. Their strong legs enable them to jump impressive distances, sometimes up to 40 times their own body length. Upon capturing prey, they inject venom to immobilize it. Peacock spiders then utilize external digestion, releasing digestive fluids into the prey’s body to break down its tissues before consuming the liquefied contents. This allows them to leave behind indigestible parts like the exoskeleton.
Dietary Habits and Water Intake
Peacock spiders are opportunistic feeders. Their activity levels, and thus their feeding opportunities, tend to be highest during the mid-morning and mid-afternoon, especially on sunny and calm days. Given their small size, they have specific dietary needs that are met by their invertebrate prey.
Water is obtained through several natural sources in their environment. They acquire moisture directly from the body fluids of the prey they consume. Additionally, peacock spiders can drink from dew drops that accumulate on vegetation, small puddles after rainfall, or condensation on surfaces within their habitat. In humid conditions, they may also absorb some moisture directly from the surrounding air.