The orchid flower spike, also known as a peduncle, is the specialized stem structure that produces the plant’s blooms. Identifying this new growth signals the beginning of a reblooming cycle. Recognizing this structure allows for proper care adjustments and helps anticipate the arrival of new flowers. The earliest stage of the spike often appears as a tiny bump, but its specific features distinguish it from other new growths.
Key Visual Characteristics of a New Spike
When a flower spike first emerges, it presents a distinct shape. The tip of a new spike is often described as being flattened or having a characteristic “mitten” or “knuckle” shape, unlike a uniform point. This flattened tip may appear bilaterally compressed when viewed from the side, a feature that becomes more noticeable as the growth elongates.
The young spike is typically pale green, though some species or hybrids may exhibit a reddish or brownish tint, often due to sun exposure. Spikes generally emerge from a node located between the lower leaves on the side of the main stem. The texture of the spike is smoother than a root, and it develops small, scale-like structures along its length to protect the developing buds.
Differentiating Spikes from Roots and Keikis
Distinguishing the flower spike from roots and keikis is a common challenge. New aerial roots are generally thicker and have a uniform, rounded tip, sometimes described as bullet-shaped. The growing tip of a root is covered in a spongy outer layer called velamen, which gives it a velvety appearance. Root growth tends to grow downward or laterally as it searches for moisture.
The flower spike, in contrast, maintains its flattened or mitten-like tip and grows upward, orienting itself toward a light source. The spike develops small, protective nodes along its length, a structure never found on a root. A keiki, which is a small, genetically identical baby plant, is visually different from both spikes and roots.
A basal keiki forms at the base of the mother plant and looks like a miniature version of the main plant. Instead of a rounded or flattened tip, the keiki quickly shows the beginnings of tiny leaf growth. This leaf growth is the definitive trait separating it from a spike or root. Observing the tip’s shape, growth direction, and the presence of leaves confirms the identity of the new growth within a couple of weeks.
The Progression: From Spike to Bloom
Once the flower spike is identified, the next phase involves rapid vertical elongation. As the spike grows taller, it forms individual flower buds at the nodes along its length. These buds start as small, round swellings that gradually increase in size.
The process from the first appearance of the spike to the opening of the first flower typically ranges from two to four months for a common Phalaenopsis orchid. The speed of development is influenced by environmental factors; cooler temperatures often slow the process. As the spike gains height, it may need to be secured to a stake with a soft clip to prevent the weight of the developing buds from causing the stem to snap. This support ensures the stem can continue to grow upright and present the flowers effectively.