Mouse spiders, belonging to the genus Missulena, are burrowing arachnids predominantly found across mainland Australia, with one species also identified in Chile. These spiders are a type of trapdoor spider, known for their unique method of residing in and hunting from underground burrows. This article explores their diet and hunting methods.
Primary Prey Sources
Mouse spiders primarily feed on insects. Specific examples of insect prey include ants, beetles, and wasps. They also consume other arthropods, such as other spiders. Their diet largely consists of ground-dwelling invertebrates that venture near their burrows.
They also occasionally prey on small vertebrates like lizards and frogs. Despite some historical beliefs, there is no conclusive evidence that mouse spiders regularly hunt or consume mice.
Hunting Strategies
Mouse spiders are ambush predators, capturing food from their burrows. They construct silk-lined burrows in the ground, which typically feature one or two hinged trapdoors at the surface. These burrows can extend to depths ranging from 20 to 55 centimeters. The trapdoors are camouflaged with silk and soil, blending with the environment.
The presence of two trapdoors, often set at right angles to each other, may increase the efficiency of prey capture. Mouse spiders detect the vibrations of passing prey through the ground or via silk trip lines extending outwards from the burrow entrance. Once prey is detected within striking distance, the spider rapidly lunges from its burrow. They use their powerful jaws, known as chelicerae, and venom to subdue the captured animal.
Environmental Influences on Diet
Mouse spiders are opportunistic feeders, consuming what is available in their environment. The availability of prey is influenced by the specific habitat, which can range from open forests to semi-arid shrublands. Seasonal variations also play a role, as increased insect activity during warmer months leads to a greater abundance of prey.
Male mouse spiders exhibit different behaviors that can affect their diet, particularly during mating season. They are known to wander more extensively in late summer to early winter, especially after rainfall, in search of females. This increased mobility exposes them to a wider range of prey. Female mouse spiders remain within or near their burrows throughout their lives. This sedentary lifestyle means their diet is more restricted to prey encountered directly around their burrow entrance.