The Monstera, often referred to as the Swiss Cheese Plant due to its iconic perforated foliage, is a popular houseplant with a distinctly complex root structure. Unlike many common potted plants, the Monstera is a hemi-epiphyte, meaning it develops two different types of roots to support its vining, climbing habit. Understanding the appearance and purpose of both the subterranean and aerial root systems is the first step in providing the right care for a thriving plant.
The Subterranean Root System
The subterranean roots are responsible for anchoring the plant and absorbing the majority of its water and nutrients. When healthy, these roots typically appear a creamy white or a pale tan color. They should feel firm and plump to the touch, indicating good hydration and structural integrity.
The structure of this system is generally thick and fibrous, radiating outwards from the base of the stem. As a Monstera matures in its container, the roots will often become tightly packed, forming a dense root ball that may eventually require a larger pot.
The Distinctive Aerial Roots
Aerial roots emerge directly from the nodes along the stem, growing outside of the soil. These structures are a natural adaptation for the plant’s hemi-epiphytic growth habit in its native tropical environment. Their appearance is noticeably different from the subterranean roots, often starting as a small, pale yellow bump that quickly extends into a thick, rope-like structure.
As they mature, aerial roots typically take on a darker, woody texture and a color that ranges from dark brown to green-brown. Their function is two-fold: they act as anchors, attaching the vine to a support like a moss pole or a tree trunk, and they serve as secondary absorbers of moisture and nutrients directly from the air. In the wild, some aerial roots may grow long enough to reach the ground and transition into soil roots.
Visual Signs of Unhealthy Roots
Examining the roots offers a clear diagnosis of a Monstera’s health. The most common problem is root rot, which is caused by overwatering and subsequent lack of oxygen in the soil. Roots suffering from rot will appear dark brown or black.
The texture of rotten roots is mushy and soft, and they will easily slough off the central core when gently squeezed. A foul smell is also an indicator of advanced root rot. Conversely, roots that have suffered from extreme dryness or underwatering will appear thin, brittle, and shriveled. In either case, the inability of the roots to function properly will eventually manifest in the foliage as wilting or yellowing leaves.