Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lower rectum and anus, causing discomfort like itching, pain, and sometimes bleeding. Suppositories offer a targeted treatment to alleviate these symptoms.
Understanding Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids are swollen blood vessels in the anal canal. They form from increased pressure on veins in the lower rectum and anus, often due to straining during bowel movements, prolonged sitting, or pregnancy.
There are two primary types of hemorrhoids. Internal hemorrhoids develop inside the rectum, typically above the anal opening. They often cause painless bleeding during bowel movements and may sometimes protrude outside the anus (prolapse), leading to pain and irritation. External hemorrhoids form under the skin around the anus, where more pain-sensing nerves are located. These cause symptoms like itching, discomfort, swelling, and sometimes a hard, tender lump.
How Suppositories Deliver Relief
A suppository is a solid, medicated preparation inserted into the rectum. Once inserted, its outer shell, often made of cocoa butter or gelatin, melts due to body temperature. This releases the active medication directly into the affected area.
The medication is then absorbed by local tissues and small blood vessels lining the rectum. This direct delivery allows active ingredients to act where needed, providing targeted relief from hemorrhoid symptoms. This localized action concentrates therapeutic effects on swollen and irritated tissues.
Common Ingredients and Their Effects
Hemorrhoid suppositories contain various active ingredients, each addressing specific symptoms. Local anesthetics, such as benzocaine or lidocaine, temporarily numb nerve endings in the affected area, effectively reducing pain and itching.
Another common component is vasoconstrictors, like phenylephrine. These substances cause blood vessels to narrow, reducing swelling and inflammation in hemorrhoidal tissues. Protectants, including zinc oxide, mineral oil, or cocoa butter, form a soothing barrier over irritated skin and mucous membranes. This layer prevents further irritation and supports healing.
Some suppositories may also include corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone. These anti-inflammatory agents reduce swelling, itching, and redness. Corticosteroids are typically used for more severe inflammation and may be available in both over-the-counter and prescription strengths.
Using Suppositories Safely and Effectively
Proper insertion of a hemorrhoid suppository is key for relief. Begin by washing your hands with soap and water. If the suppository feels too soft, briefly refrigerating it helps it firm up. After removing the wrapper, moisten the tip with water or use a water-soluble lubricating jelly for easier insertion.
Lie on your side with one leg straightened and the other bent towards your stomach, then gently insert the suppository, pointed end first, about one inch into the rectum until it passes the muscular sphincter. Remaining still for a few minutes after insertion helps it stay in place and melt. Suppositories primarily offer temporary relief from symptoms like pain, itching, and swelling; they are not a permanent cure.
Most suppositories can be used up to four times a day, often after a bowel movement for prolonged effect. Side effects are usually mild, such as temporary discomfort or mild stinging, but can vary depending on the active ingredients. It is important to consult a healthcare professional if symptoms do not improve within seven days, worsen, or if you experience severe pain, increased bleeding, or signs of an allergic reaction.