Green lizards, often recognized as the common green anole (Anolis carolinensis), are small, agile reptiles commonly found in the southeastern United States. These lizards play a role in their ecosystems primarily as insectivores, helping to manage insect populations. Their diet and behaviors are well-suited to capturing small, live prey in their natural habitats.
Primary Prey: Insects and Invertebrates
Green anoles are primarily insectivorous, consuming insects and other small invertebrates. They consume a wide array of prey, including crickets, grasshoppers, flies, beetles, moths, ants, and spiders. Small worms and cockroaches are also common food sources for these lizards. This varied intake provides them with necessary proteins and nutrients for growth and health.
Green anoles are adept hunters, using keen eyesight to spot moving prey. Their eyes move independently, allowing them to scan surroundings without moving their heads. Once prey is located, they employ a “slow-stalker” hunting style, patiently approaching before striking. Their agile tongue grasps and secures their catch. Prey size is limited to items no larger than half the anole’s head.
Beyond Bugs: Occasional Plant Matter and Other Foods
While green lizards are predominantly insect eaters, their diet can occasionally include other items. They might consume small amounts of plant matter such as nectar, soft fruits, or flower petals. This plant consumption is opportunistic and supplemental. For instance, an anole might be observed taking a bite out of a flower, potentially for morning dew or nectar.
Their digestive systems are optimized for processing insects, which are rich in protein and easily digestible. Therefore, significant amounts of plant matter are not a regular part of their wild diet. Other small, slow-moving invertebrates like slugs or snails are also consumed if encountered. The availability of food items within their territory influences what they eat, as they rarely leave established areas.
Staying Hydrated: Water Needs
Green anoles obtain water in their natural environment primarily through dew drops and rainwater. They do not drink from standing water sources. Instead, they lap up water droplets from surfaces like leaves and other vegetation. This method of hydration suits their arboreal habitats, where water collects on plant surfaces after rain or from morning dew.
The humidity of their environment also contributes to their overall hydration. High humidity levels help reduce water loss through their skin. While moisture from prey provides some hydration, direct water intake from environmental droplets is important for metabolic processes and maintaining health. During dry periods, they seek out any available moisture.