Goliath beetles are among the largest and most visually striking insects globally. Their diet changes significantly between their larval and adult stages, reflecting their different growth and energy requirements.
Adult Goliath Beetle Diet
Adult Goliath beetles primarily consume foods rich in sugar, which provides the energy necessary for flight and reproduction. Their natural diet largely consists of tree sap and ripe fruits in their native African tropical forests. They often use specialized mouthparts to access these sugary liquids.
Adult beetles show a preference for overripe, sugary fruits, which offer easily digestible carbohydrates. Common examples of fruits they might consume in their habitat include bananas, mangoes, and papayas. This carbohydrate-focused diet supports their active adult life, which typically lasts several months. While they primarily seek out tree sap, they will also consume fresh fruits if more readily available.
Goliath Beetle Larvae Diet
Goliath beetle larvae, also known as grubs, have a distinctly different diet from their adult counterparts, requiring a high-protein intake for rapid growth. In their natural environment, these larvae are believed to feed on decaying white-rot wood, leaf litter, and various forms of decaying animal matter. Some research suggests they are carnivorous in the wild, preying on other insect larvae or even engaging in cannibalism if protein is scarce. The substantial protein content in their diet allows them to grow to an impressive size, with larvae capable of reaching weights exceeding 100 grams. Unlike many other beetle larvae that primarily consume decaying wood, Goliath beetle larvae have a greater need for protein to fuel their development.
Feeding Goliath Beetles in Captivity
Providing an appropriate diet is important for Goliath beetles kept in captivity, catering to both adult and larval stages. Adult beetles can be fed commercially prepared beetle jelly, which offers balanced nutrition and is easy to manage. Ripe, non-citrus fruits such as bananas, apples, mangoes, and papayas are also suitable options. Diluted honey or sugar water can supplement their diet, ensuring they receive enough carbohydrates.
For larvae, a protein-rich diet is paramount. A common captive diet includes high-quality protein sources like koi pellets, dog food kibble, or even dried silkworm pupae, which are mixed into their substrate. First instar (L1) larvae may initially consume flake soil or rotten wood, but quickly transition to a protein-heavy diet as they grow. Regular removal of uneaten food and substrate changes every few weeks are necessary to prevent mold growth and maintain a healthy environment for the larvae.