An internal condom is a barrier method of protection that a person inserts into the vagina or anus before sexual activity. This device offers the user control over both pregnancy prevention and the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It is a non-hormonal option that can be inserted hours before intercourse, allowing for greater spontaneity in the moment.
The Distinctive Physical Components
The internal condom is a soft, loose-fitting sheath, typically constructed from a synthetic nitrile material, which makes it safe for people with latex allergies. This pliable material is thin yet durable, forming a pouch that lines the inside of the vaginal or anal canal. The condom comes pre-lubricated to assist with comfortable insertion and to reduce the possibility of friction during use.
The defining characteristic of the internal condom is the presence of two flexible rings, one at each end of the sheath. The smaller, thicker ring is enclosed at the condom’s closed end and is used for insertion and anchoring the device deep inside the body, near the cervix in vaginal use. The larger, thinner ring remains on the outside of the body, covering the external opening of the vagina or anus. This outer ring serves to hold the condom in place and protect the external genital area from skin-to-skin contact, which can reduce the risk of transmission for certain STIs.
Insertion and Removal Mechanics
Proper use begins with checking the expiration date and carefully opening the package to avoid tearing the nitrile material. Before insertion, the user finds a comfortable position. The inner ring, which is at the closed end, is then squeezed between the thumb and forefinger, similar to how one would prepare a diaphragm or tampon for insertion.
The compressed ring is gently guided into the vagina and pushed as far up as possible until it rests against the cervix. It is important to ensure the sheath is not twisted and that the outer ring hangs approximately one inch outside the body, covering the labia or anal opening. During sexual activity, the outer ring provides a visual guide to ensure that the penis or sex toy enters the pouch and not between the condom and the vaginal wall.
Immediately after intercourse, the removal process is initiated by gently twisting the outer ring to gather the sheath and trap any fluids inside. This twisting action helps prevent spillage upon withdrawal. The condom is then carefully pulled out of the body and must be disposed of in a trash receptacle, as it is designed for single use.
Protection Against STIs and Pregnancy
The internal condom functions as a barrier, physically preventing sperm from reaching an egg and blocking the exchange of bodily fluids that can carry pathogens. This dual action provides protection against both unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, gonorrhea, and chlamydia. The synthetic material is impermeable to sperm and infectious agents, and the outer ring offers a degree of protection for the external genital area.
When used correctly and consistently with every sexual act (perfect use), the internal condom is approximately 95% effective at preventing pregnancy over the course of a year. However, under typical use, which accounts for common human errors like inconsistent use or incorrect placement, the effectiveness rate drops to about 79%. This contrasts with the external (male) condom, which has a perfect use rate of 98% and a typical use rate of 87% for pregnancy prevention. Despite the differences in efficacy rates, the internal condom remains a valuable tool because it places the control of barrier protection entirely in the user’s hands.