The Florida scrub lizard, Sceloporus woodi, is a small reptile exclusive to the sandy, arid uplands of Florida. This species is endemic to the state’s unique scrub, sandhill, and scrubby flatwood habitats. Adults typically measure about five inches in total length and possess rough, spiny scales that are generally gray or brownish-gray, often with a subtle reddish tint. A distinct dark brown stripe runs along each side of the body from the neck to the base of the tail, which helps distinguish it from other similar species. The lizard is a habitat specialist, requiring open, sunny patches of bare sand adjacent to shrubs or trees that provide necessary cover.
Primary Food Sources
The Florida scrub lizard is primarily insectivorous, relying on arthropods found within its specialized scrub environment. It consumes a wide variety of small invertebrates, making its diet opportunistic but dominated by insects and spiders. Specific prey items include common scrub inhabitants such as various ants, small beetles, and other terrestrial insects. The lizard captures small, protein-rich prey available on the sandy substrate. Although their diet is overwhelmingly invertebrate-based, they have also been documented to consume other lizards when the opportunity arises and are consumed whole.
Foraging Behavior and Hunting Strategy
The varied diet is acquired through a characteristic “sit-and-wait” hunting strategy. The Florida scrub lizard is diurnal, active during the day, which dictates its foraging schedule and provides necessary heat. They position themselves on logs, low tree trunks, or patches of bare sand, remaining motionless as they watch for movement. This ambush technique relies on the lizard’s excellent visual acuity to spot small, moving prey in the open sandy areas. Once a target is detected, the lizard employs a quick burst of speed and an accurate strike to secure the meal before the prey escapes into the dense scrub vegetation.
Role in the Scrub Ecosystem
The Florida scrub lizard occupies a distinct position in the scrub ecosystem, acting as both a predator and a prey item. By consuming large numbers of insects and spiders, the species helps regulate the populations of lower-trophic-level organisms. Conversely, the scrub lizard is a food source for a range of larger animals, including various snakes, predatory birds, and other larger lizards. The need for nearby shrubs and trees is directly related to this position, as these dense areas provide necessary refuge from potential hunters. The lizard’s presence and abundance are also considered an indicator of a healthy, functioning scrub habitat.