Uterine fibroids are common, non-cancerous growths that develop within or on the uterus. While many individuals with fibroids experience no symptoms, others may encounter heavy menstrual bleeding and the passing of blood clots. Understanding the characteristics of these fibroid-related blood clots can provide clarity for those affected.
How Fibroids Lead to Blood Clots
Fibroids can disrupt the normal menstrual process, leading to heavier and more prolonged bleeding. Submucosal fibroids, which grow just beneath the inner lining of the uterus, are particularly associated with increased blood flow and clotting because they can distort the uterine cavity. This distortion interferes with the uterus’s ability to contract effectively and shed its lining smoothly. The increased volume and speed of blood loss can overwhelm the body’s natural anticoagulant mechanisms.
When the natural blood thinners cannot keep up with the heavy flow, blood can pool within the uterus. This pooling allows the blood to coagulate before it is expelled, resulting in the formation of visible blood clots. Additionally, large fibroids can sometimes compress pelvic blood vessels, slowing blood flow in the area. This reduced blood flow can further contribute to the formation of clots.
Describing Fibroid-Related Blood Clots
Blood clots associated with fibroids often differ noticeably from typical menstrual clots. These clots are frequently larger, ranging in size from a quarter to golf ball-sized, or even larger. In contrast, normal menstrual clots are generally smaller, often described as pea-sized or roughly the size of a nickel. The increased size of fibroid-related clots is a direct result of the heavier bleeding and the blood having more time to coagulate.
The color of fibroid-related blood clots typically appears dark red, maroon, or almost black. This darker coloration indicates that the blood has been present in the uterus for a longer duration, allowing it to oxidize before being passed. However, during moments of extremely heavy flow, some clots may appear bright red, signifying fresh bleeding.
Fibroid-related clots can have a varied texture. They are often described as jelly-like, lumpy, or having a liver-like appearance. Some may even feel stringy or appear more solid than typical menstrual blood. These clots can also be quite viscous. Their shape is usually irregular and amorphous, rather than uniform, due to the way they form within the uterine cavity.
Recognizing Concerning Clot Characteristics
While passing some blood clots during menstruation can be normal, certain characteristics of fibroid-related clots warrant medical attention. Excessive volume of bleeding, such as soaking through one or more sanitary pads or tampons every hour for several consecutive hours, is a concern. Passing blood clots larger than a quarter frequently also indicates a potentially concerning level of blood loss.
Clots accompanied by severe pain or cramping warrant medical evaluation. Additionally, symptoms like dizziness, lightheadedness, shortness of breath, or extreme fatigue can signal significant blood loss and possible anemia. Pale skin is also a common indicator of anemia.
If bleeding with clots lasts significantly longer than a typical menstrual period, for example, more than seven days, it is advisable to seek professional medical advice. While fibroids can cause these symptoms, a healthcare professional can accurately diagnose the underlying cause and discuss appropriate management options.