Earwigs are common insects often recognized by their distinctive rear appendages. Understanding their characteristics aids identification. This article explores the unique features defining earwigs, from their prominent pincers to their overall body structure.
Their Unique Pincers
Earwigs possess a pair of forceps-like pincers, scientifically known as cerci, located at the end of their abdomen. These cerci are made of hardened chitin, similar to their exoskeleton. The shape of these pincers often indicates the earwig’s sex; males typically have more curved and larger pincers, while females have straighter, shorter ones.
These pincers serve multiple functions. They are used for defense against predators. Earwigs also utilize their pincers to grasp and capture prey, as many species are omnivorous or predatory. The cerci play a role in mating rituals and assist in folding their complex hindwings.
Overall Body Appearance
Beyond their distinctive pincers, earwigs exhibit a consistent body plan. Most species range from 7 to 50 millimeters (0.25 to 2 inches) in length. Their bodies are elongated and flattened, allowing them to fit into tight crevices. Earwigs come in various shades, including pale brown, reddish-brown, dark brown, or black.
Their head features thread-like antennae with at least 10 segments, used for sensing their surroundings. Earwigs have six short legs, enabling them to move quickly. Most earwig species possess two pairs of wings, though they rarely fly. The forewings are short, leathery, and serve as protective covers for the hindwings. The hindwings are membranous, fan-shaped, and intricately folded beneath the forewings when not in use.
Dispelling Common Myths
The name “earwig” leads to a common misconception: that these insects intentionally crawl into human ears. While an earwig might accidentally enter an ear canal, it is extremely rare, and they do not seek out human ears. The name likely originated from old folklore or from the appearance of their hindwings, which can resemble a human ear when unfolded.
Distinguishing earwigs from other insects like silverfish or some beetles is straightforward. Unlike silverfish, which have three soft, hair-like appendages at their rear and a silvery, fish-like body, earwigs possess prominent, hardened pincers. While some beetles may have similar body shapes or hardened forewings, they lack the distinct cerci found on earwigs.