Earwigs are common insects found in gardens and homes. They are easily recognized by the distinctive pincer-like appendages, called cerci, at the rear of their abdomen. Part of the insect order Dermaptera, these insects are generally small, ranging from 5 to 25 millimeters in length. Their bodies are typically elongated and flattened, varying in color from pale to reddish-brown or black.
Their Habits and Diet
Earwigs are primarily nocturnal, seeking refuge in dark, moist, and secluded places during the day. Common hiding spots include under rocks, logs, leaf litter, mulch, and cracks in foundations. They are drawn to damp environments, often found near faucets, air conditioning units, or in basements and bathrooms.
Earwigs are omnivores with a varied diet. They consume decaying organic matter, such as composting leaves and rotting wood, playing a role as decomposers. They also feed on fungi, algae, and lichens. Earwigs can be predatory, eating smaller insects like aphids, mites, and larvae. While beneficial by preying on garden pests, they also consume plant material, including flowers, fruits, and tender shoots.
Are Earwigs a Threat?
Despite their appearance, earwigs are not dangerous to humans. Their prominent pincers can deliver a slight pinch if handled, but rarely break the skin and are not venomous. Any pinch causes minor discomfort, similar to a small scratch. There is no scientific evidence that earwigs transmit diseases to humans or animals.
The common folklore about earwigs crawling into human ears to burrow into the brain or lay eggs is a myth. While it is rare for any insect to accidentally enter an ear canal, earwigs do not purposefully seek out ears for habitation or reproduction. In gardens, earwigs can cause damage to plants, particularly seedlings, soft fruits like strawberries and raspberries, and the silks of corn. This damage often appears as irregular holes in leaves or chewed areas on fruits. However, plant damage is usually minor unless earwig populations are very high.
Managing Earwigs
Several non-pesticide methods can help manage earwig presence. Reducing moisture around the home is important, as earwigs are attracted to damp conditions. This involves fixing leaky pipes, improving drainage, and ensuring gutters direct water away from the foundation. Removing potential hiding spots near the house can also reduce their numbers, including leaf litter, excess mulch, woodpiles, and debris.
Sealing entry points into the home helps prevent earwigs from seeking indoor shelter; cracks in foundations, gaps around windows and doors, and openings around pipes should be sealed. Simple traps can monitor and reduce earwig populations. Rolled-up newspapers, corrugated cardboard, or shallow dishes with vegetable oil or soapy water can attract and trap them. Place these traps where earwigs are active. Professional pest control is seldom necessary for these nuisance insects.