Denture sores are a generalized term for various forms of irritation, inflammation, or lesions that develop on the oral tissues beneath or adjacent to a dental prosthesis. These conditions are common, particularly for individuals new to wearing dentures or those whose devices no longer fit precisely. Recognizing these irritations early is important, as they can range from simple friction spots to more pervasive fungal infections.
Visual Identification of Denture Sores
Denture-related irritations present in distinct visual forms, with the appearance often indicating the underlying problem. One common presentation is a localized pressure sore, which typically appears as a small, distinct ulcer. This sore frequently has a painful red base and may be surrounded by a slightly whitish or yellowish outline, usually forming along the denture-bearing ridges where the appliance exerts maximum force.
Denture Stomatitis involves a diffuse, persistent redness that covers the entire area of the mouth tissue contacting the denture, most often the upper palate. This inflammation can sometimes be marked by small, scattered red dots, giving the area a stippled or rash-like appearance. Denture Stomatitis may not cause significant pain, which can lead to it going unnoticed until it becomes advanced.
Irritation may also manifest outside the mouth as Angular Cheilitis, which affects the corners of the lips. This condition is characterized by redness, cracking, skin breakdown, and crusting at the mouth corners. The fissures can become sore and are often a result of saliva pooling in these areas due to a loss of vertical dimension from worn dentures.
Primary Causes of Oral Irritation
The development of sore spots is attributed to mechanical and microbiological factors related to the denture itself. A primary cause is improper fit, where the denture is either too loose or too tight, creating uneven pressure points on the soft tissues. This mechanical trauma leads to abrasions that quickly develop into localized sore spots.
Another significant factor is poor denture hygiene, which permits the accumulation of plaque, bacteria, and yeast, most notably Candida albicans. This microbial biofilm thrives on the denture surface and contributes to widespread inflammation like Denture Stomatitis. Failure to regularly clean the appliance provides a constant source of infection for the underlying oral tissue.
The habit of wearing dentures continuously, especially overnight, also contributes to irritation. Oral tissues require periods of rest to recover from the pressure and limited circulation caused by the device. Keeping the denture in place for 24 hours a day creates a perpetually warm and moist environment, which further encourages the overgrowth of fungi like Candida.
Immediate Care and Professional Consultation
If a sore spot develops, the immediate step is to temporarily remove the denture to allow the irritated tissue to rest and reduce mechanical friction. Rinsing the mouth several times a day with a warm saline solution can help soothe the tissue and promote healing. A simple rinse made by dissolving salt in warm water helps reduce inflammation.
It is also important to ensure the denture is cleaned thoroughly and gently, and the gums are brushed softly with a clean, soft toothbrush. While topical pain relief gels offer temporary comfort, it is best to use them sparingly, as they can mask the severity of the problem. Masking the pain may delay seeking professional help, allowing the underlying irritation to worsen.
If a sore spot or area of inflammation does not begin to heal within 48 to 72 hours, professional assessment is necessary. A dentist or denturist can accurately identify the cause, which may involve adjusting or relining the denture to correct the fit and eliminate pressure points. If a fungal infection, such as Denture Stomatitis, is diagnosed, prescription antifungal medication may be necessary to resolve the condition completely.