A professional dental cleaning, or prophylaxis, removes the plaque and hardened tartar that regular brushing cannot eliminate. This process leaves the enamel surface exceptionally clean and prepared to absorb beneficial substances. To maximize the preventative benefits of the cleaning, dental professionals often apply protective materials as a final step. These coatings are essential treatments designed to strengthen tooth structure and guard against potential issues like decay or sensitivity. The substances used fortify the teeth against the daily challenges of acid exposure and bacterial activity.
The Routine Protective Coating
The most common substance applied following a cleaning is a highly concentrated form of fluoride, typically in a sticky liquid known as fluoride varnish. Dentists paint this varnish directly onto the tooth surfaces, where it adheres quickly and provides a sustained release of fluoride onto the enamel over several hours. This mineral application initiates a process called remineralization, which is the natural repair process for tooth enamel. Fluoride ions integrate into the tooth’s crystalline structure, forming a stronger, more acid-resistant compound called fluorapatite. This strengthening effect makes the enamel less susceptible to breakdown from acids produced by oral bacteria, reducing the risk of developing new cavities.
Addressing Specific Patient Needs
While fluoride is a standard preventative measure, some patients require specialized applications to manage unique dental conditions. A primary concern for many patients is dentin hypersensitivity, which can be heightened temporarily after a deep cleaning. For these individuals, the dentist may apply dedicated desensitizing agents.
Managing Dentin Hypersensitivity
These specialized agents may contain compounds like potassium nitrate or strontium chloride. They work to block the microscopic channels in the dentin called dentinal tubules. Potassium nitrate helps to calm the nerve response inside the tooth, while other ingredients physically plug the tubules. This prevents external stimuli like cold air or sweet foods from reaching the nerve.
Targeting High Bacterial Load
In cases where a patient has specific periodontal issues or a high bacterial load, the dental hygienist may also apply a medicated rinse. This measure is separate from the routine protective varnish and targets bacteria beneath the gumline.
Caring for Your Teeth Immediately After
To ensure the protective materials applied to your teeth provide their maximum benefit, specific aftercare instructions must be followed. The fluoride varnish needs time to bond with the enamel and for the fluoride ions to be absorbed. It is recommended to avoid brushing or flossing for at least four to six hours after the application, or ideally until the next morning. During this period, patients should also avoid consuming hot beverages or any products containing alcohol, including mouth rinses. Heat and alcohol can cause the varnish to break down prematurely. Sticking to a soft food diet and drinking only cold liquids for the first few hours helps ensure the protective coating stays intact long enough to fully integrate into the tooth structure.