Identifying animal tracks offers a window into local wildlife. For outdoor enthusiasts, landowners, or the curious, understanding tracks enhances connection to nature. Coyote tracks are commonly encountered, as they are an adaptable species found across North American landscapes, from wilderness to urban settings. Recognizing these prints reveals their presence and movements.
Hallmarks of Coyote Tracks
Coyote footprints are oval, longer than wide. They measure approximately 2.5 inches long and 2 inches wide, though sizes vary. Each track shows four distinct toes, often forming an “X” or “H” pattern in the negative space between the toes and heel pad.
Coyote tracks always display visible claw marks, as coyotes cannot retract their claws. These claw marks are thin, sharp, and pointed, positioned just in front of each toe. The heel pad is distinct, triangular or chevron-shaped, with front feet having larger heel pads than hind feet. The overall track is symmetrical, with outer toes tucked neatly behind the two leading toes.
Telling Coyote Tracks Apart
Distinguishing coyote tracks from domestic dogs is a common challenge. Coyote tracks are more oval and narrower than dog tracks, which are rounder and wider. Dog tracks show more splayed toes, and their claw marks are blunter and less distinct than a coyote’s sharp, pointed claws. The “X” pattern is consistently present in coyote tracks, while dog tracks lack this clear shape.
Coyote tracks are larger than fox tracks, as coyotes are heavier animals. Fox tracks are smaller, measuring 2 to 3 inches long. Red fox tracks in winter may appear blurry due to thick fur, unlike coyote tracks which have smooth, distinct pad impressions. Feline tracks, like bobcats, differ because they lack claw marks, as cats retract their claws, and their tracks are rounder and asymmetrical.
Interpreting Coyote Tracks
Beyond identifying the animal, tracks reveal details about a coyote’s recent activities. Different track patterns, known as gaits, indicate the animal’s speed and intent. A common coyote gait is an overstep trot, where the hind foot lands slightly ahead of or directly on top of the front foot’s impression, creating a straight, narrow line of tracks. This direct, consistent path is characteristic of coyotes conserving energy, unlike domestic dogs that wander in zig-zag patterns.
The direction of travel is determined by the leading toes and the deeper heel impression as the animal pushes off. Track age indicates recent passage; sharp, clear prints show fresh activity, while weathered or indistinct tracks suggest older passage, influenced by weather and ground conditions. Observing multiple tracks estimates the number of coyotes present. Track location—near water, along trails, or close to prey tracks—suggests hunting patterns or common travel routes.