Compression gloves are specialized, tight-fitting garments worn on the hands and wrists to provide gentle, sustained pressure. They are typically made from elastic materials like nylon and spandex, ensuring a comfortable yet firm fit. This non-pharmacological approach is used to manage symptoms such as pain, stiffness, and swelling. They often serve as a supplementary tool alongside established medical treatments for chronic hand conditions.
The Core Mechanism of Compression
The primary function of compression gloves is to apply consistent, low-level pressure across the hand and finger joints. This mechanical pressure supports the hand structure and provides stability to the joints. The slight external force helps to stimulate proprioception, which is the body’s sense of its position and movement in space, aiding in joint awareness.
This sustained pressure also manages fluid dynamics within the hands. By gently compressing the tissues, the gloves encourage the movement of excess interstitial fluid back into circulation, reducing swelling (edema). The snug fabric retains body heat, contributing to localized warmth that soothes stiff muscles and joints. This combination of pressure and warmth promotes improved blood flow, enhancing nutrient delivery and facilitating the removal of metabolic waste.
Conditions Targeted by Hand Compression
Compression gloves are most commonly used to manage symptoms of various forms of arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. The warmth and support help address morning stiffness and joint pain, improving flexibility upon waking. The gentle pressure counteracts the swelling that frequently accompanies arthritic inflammation, which can impede range of motion.
The garments also offer symptomatic relief for carpal tunnel syndrome, caused by pressure on the median nerve in the wrist. While they do not treat the underlying nerve compression, the support and mild pressure can reduce generalized hand swelling, easing discomfort, numbness, and tingling. People experiencing generalized hand edema, often due to repetitive strain or post-injury recovery, use the gloves to help drain accumulated fluid.
Raynaud’s Phenomenon
Individuals who suffer from Raynaud’s phenomenon may also benefit from wearing compression gloves. This condition involves episodes of reduced blood flow to the fingers, often triggered by cold temperatures or stress. The gloves’ ability to retain warmth and promote better circulation can help prevent or lessen the severity of these episodes. By providing continuous, mild support, the gloves can make daily activities requiring fine motor skills, such as gripping or typing, feel more manageable.
Safe Use and When to Avoid Them
Selecting a pair of compression gloves with the correct fit is essential for safe use and achieving the intended benefits. A proper fit should feel snug and supportive without causing discomfort, numbness, or a sensation of pins and needles. Gloves that are too tight can restrict blood flow and irritate the nerves, potentially worsening symptoms like swelling or pain.
It is recommended to use the gloves for limited periods, often for no more than eight hours at a time. Some people wear them overnight to combat morning stiffness, while others wear them during activities that aggravate their symptoms. If signs of restricted circulation are noticed, such as cold or blue fingers, or if the gloves cause increased swelling, they must be removed immediately.
Compression gloves should be avoided by individuals with certain pre-existing conditions involving compromised circulation or skin integrity. This includes people with severe peripheral artery disease or active skin infections, open wounds, or rashes on the hands. Consult with a healthcare provider before beginning use, especially for chronic conditions, to ensure they are an appropriate part of a comprehensive management plan.