Chrysanthemums are prized for their vibrant colors and late-season blooms that brighten the autumn landscape. For those interested in propagating these beautiful plants at home, understanding the structure and appearance of the reproductive material is important. This guide provides a clear description of what chrysanthemum seeds look like and how to select them for planting.
Physical Description of Chrysanthemum Seeds
Chrysanthemum seeds are notably small, often described as tiny specks that can easily be overlooked among plant debris. These reproductive units are typically less than a quarter-inch long, with some varieties being significantly smaller. Their size means that roughly 45,000 seeds can weigh just one ounce.
The shape of the seed is usually oval or slightly elongated, sometimes resembling a tiny, flattened peppercorn. They often have a subtle curve or a slightly tapered end. The coloration of the seeds is generally dark, ranging from a light tan to a black or deep brown.
The surface texture of a mature chrysanthemum seed is matte and smooth to the touch. The seed coat is dry and firm, protecting the embryo inside. This combination of diminutive size, dark color, and matte texture distinguishes them from other common garden seeds.
Seed Location and Formation on the Plant
Botanically, what is commonly called a chrysanthemum seed is actually a fruit known as an achene. This type of dry fruit is characteristic of plants belonging to the Asteraceae family, which includes daisies and sunflowers. The achene contains the single seed and does not split open when mature to release it.
These achenes develop in the central part of the flower head, specifically within the disk florets, after the bloom has finished. The brightly colored, showy outer petals, known as ray florets, do not contain the seeds. Seed formation begins after the flower has been pollinated and the entire flower head begins to fade and dry on the stem.
The seed-bearing achenes are ready to collect when the entire flower head has turned brown and feels dry and crispy. The dried remains of the tubular florets surround the achenes, which are held securely in the center receptacle. This process of drying and browning on the plant is necessary for the seeds to fully ripen.
Identifying Viability and Basic Handling Tips
When collecting achenes from a spent flower head, it is helpful to distinguish between seeds that are fertile and the lightweight, empty chaff. Viable seeds are plump, firm, and possess a solid, dark color. These characteristics indicate that the seed has fully developed and contains a healthy embryo.
Non-viable achenes, or chaff, will be flat, hollow, and lighter in color. These empty pieces can be easily separated from viable seeds because they weigh less. A simple method is to gently crush the completely dried flower head between your fingers over a sheet of paper to release the achenes.
Once collected, the achenes should be spread out on a flat, dry surface for a day or two to ensure they are completely dry before storage. This final drying step prevents mold and decay. Storing the small, dry achenes in a cool, dark location will help them remain viable for several years.