Chickenpox, caused by the varicella-zoster virus, often results in a characteristic itchy rash. While most individuals recover without lasting complications, the rash can sometimes leave visible marks. These marks, known as chickenpox scars, form during the skin’s healing process after blisters resolve.
Identifying Chickenpox Scars
Chickenpox scars often appear as small, rounded or oval indentations in the skin, described as pits or sunken areas. These depressed scars, medically termed atrophic scars, form from a loss of tissue beneath the skin’s surface. Their size typically ranges from 5 to 10 millimeters in diameter.
The color of chickenpox scars can vary. They may appear red or pink, fading over time. Some scars become lighter than surrounding skin (hypopigmentation), while others appear darker (hyperpigmentation). Unlike active, fluid-filled blisters, scars are a permanent change to skin texture and color after healing. Scars are commonly found on areas where the rash is prevalent, including the face, chest, back, and limbs.
The Scarring Process
Chickenpox scars develop when the skin’s healing is disrupted, especially if blisters are scratched. Excessive scratching damages the deeper skin layer, the dermis. This damage is a primary factor in scar formation, as it can introduce bacteria and lead to secondary infections.
When the dermis is injured, collagen fibers may not be laid down smoothly or sufficiently, especially with significant damage or infection. This irregular collagen production results in the characteristic sunken or pitted appearance of chickenpox scars. Several factors increase scarring likelihood, including infection severity, secondary bacterial infections, and frequent scratching. Genetic predisposition and skin type can also influence scar formation.
Preventing and Managing Scars
Minimizing chickenpox scarring focuses on preventing damage to healing blisters. Avoiding scratching itchy lesions is a primary measure, as it can deepen skin injury and introduce bacteria, leading to infection. Keeping fingernails trimmed short, or covering children’s hands with mittens, helps prevent inadvertent scratching.
To soothe itch and reduce scratching, apply calamine lotion, take oatmeal baths, or use baking soda in lukewarm baths. Maintaining good hygiene prevents secondary bacterial infections that worsen scarring. After blisters heal, gentle moisturization supports skin recovery. Protect healing skin from sun exposure with sunscreen, as UV rays can darken scars. While some chickenpox scars may fade, many persist indefinitely; for prominent scars, consult a dermatologist for options.