The Northern Cardinal, with its distinctive crest and vibrant plumage, is a familiar sight across much of North America, even in winter. These non-migratory birds often prompt questions about their feeding habits during colder months. Their striking red feathers, noticeable against a snowy backdrop, highlight their resilience when natural food sources become scarce. Understanding their winter diet and needs helps appreciate their ability to thrive in dropping temperatures.
What Cardinals Forage for Naturally in Winter
When winter arrives, Northern Cardinals adapt their foraging strategies to locate available food. Their diet shifts to become more plant-based, as insects, a significant portion of their summer intake, become scarce. They primarily seek wild seeds from plants like weeds, grasses, and coneflowers that persist through the cold. Cardinals also rely on berries from plants such as sumac, dogwood, hackberry, and hawthorn. Additionally, they may find dormant insects or larvae in tree bark crevices, supplementing their diet with these protein sources.
Top Foods for Your Winter Bird Feeder
For those looking to support Northern Cardinals during winter, offering specific foods at bird feeders can be highly effective. Black oil sunflower seeds are a top choice due to their high oil content and thin shells, which are easier for cardinals to crack. These seeds provide a concentrated source of fat and calories, supplying the energy needed to maintain body temperature. Safflower seeds are another appealing option, deterring less desirable feeder visitors like squirrels and European starlings. Cracked corn offers a good source of carbohydrates, and suet provides a high-calorie, protein-rich food source, useful when natural insects are unavailable.
Cardinals prefer sturdy feeders where they can perch comfortably, such as platform or hopper feeders, rather than small, swaying tube feeders. Placing feeders near dense shrubs or trees can provide cover, making cardinals feel more secure while they eat. Consistent food availability encourages regular visits throughout the winter.
Beyond Food: Other Winter Needs
Beyond a reliable food supply, Northern Cardinals require other resources to thrive in winter. Access to unfrozen water is important for drinking and feather cleanliness. Heated bird baths are beneficial where water sources frequently freeze, ensuring a consistent supply. Shelter from harsh weather and predators is also important for their survival. Cardinals often seek refuge in dense evergreen trees and thickets, which provide protection and warmth. These sheltered areas allow them to conserve energy and avoid exposure to strong winds and heavy snow.