Braces are a common tool used in orthodontics to correct the alignment of teeth and jaws. The term “bands” refers to two distinct components: fixed metal rings, known as molar bands, which are cemented onto the back teeth, and removable rubber bands, or elastics, which are stretched between the upper and lower arches. While both are called bands, they serve entirely different purposes in orthodontic treatment.
Molar Bands as Anchors
Molar bands are precisely contoured metal rings, typically made of stainless steel, that are fitted around the back molars. They are secured into place with dental cement, completely encircling the tooth for maximum retention and stability. Unlike brackets, which are bonded to the surface of the tooth, these bands are designed to withstand the substantial forces required to move the teeth.
The primary function of the molar band is to act as a secure anchor point for the entire braces system. Molars are the largest teeth and reliably absorb the strong pushing and pulling forces applied by the archwires and auxiliary appliances. They feature small tubes or hooks that attach the main archwire, ensuring the wire remains stable at the end of the dental arch. This anchoring is important when using devices like headgear or palatal expanders, which require a durable foundation.
Orthodontic Elastics for Bite Correction
Orthodontic elastics, or rubber bands, are the dynamic component of the system, used to correct the relationship between the upper and lower jaws, known as malocclusion. These small, stretchy bands are made of medical-grade latex or latex-free material and come in various sizes and strengths. They are designed to be hooked onto small cleats or hooks on the braces brackets, often stretching diagonally between teeth in the upper and lower arches.
The configuration of the elastics dictates the direction of the force applied to the jaw structure. For example, Class II elastics stretch from the upper front teeth to the lower back teeth to correct an overbite by encouraging the upper teeth to retract and the lower teeth to move forward. Conversely, Class III elastics run from the lower front teeth to the upper back teeth to address an underbite. This inter-arch force is essential because fixed braces alone primarily align the teeth within each arch, but cannot effectively change the jaw relationship. Success depends entirely on the patient wearing them consistently, usually for at least 22 to 24 hours per day.
Daily Management of Bands and Elastics
Effective treatment relies on diligently managing both the fixed molar bands and the removable elastics. For elastics, consistency is paramount, as the teeth only move when continuous pressure is applied. Patients are typically instructed to remove elastics only for eating and brushing, immediately replacing them afterward to ensure the force remains constant.
It is necessary to change elastics frequently, often three to four times a day, because they lose elasticity and force over time from being stretched and exposed to saliva. Using a fresh band maintains the prescribed pressure, preventing treatment from stalling or regressing. For fixed molar bands, proper hygiene is required to prevent plaque buildup, which can be trapped around the edges of the cemented ring. Specialized brushes or interdental cleaners should be used to clean thoroughly around the band’s margins and maintain the health of the underlying tooth.
A loose or broken molar band requires immediate attention from the orthodontist, as a loose band can cause tooth decay by trapping food and moisture underneath it. If a band feels loose or if a hook breaks off, the patient should contact the office right away. If elastics break frequently or cause unusual jaw joint pain, the orthodontist should be notified to troubleshoot the issue.