The almond tree, scientifically known as Prunus dulcis, is a deciduous species prized worldwide for its edible seeds. This tree exhibits distinct visual features across its structure, foliage, and fruit development. As a member of the Prunus genus, the almond tree shares a family lineage with other stone fruits. Identifying an almond tree involves observing its characteristic silhouette, the timing of its blossoms, and the unique composition of its mature fruit.
General Tree Profile
A mature almond tree typically reaches a height between 10 and 30 feet, depending on the variety and growing conditions. It forms a rounded, broad canopy that tends to spread outward, giving the tree a sturdy and open structure.
The trunk and branches undergo a noticeable change in texture and color as they age. Young branches start smooth and may display a greenish to purplish hue. Over time, the bark develops a dark, rough texture, becoming fissured and grayish-brown on older specimens.
Leaves and Flowers
The foliage of the almond tree consists of simple, alternate leaves that are elongated and lanceolate in shape. These leaves can measure up to 5 inches long and feature a finely serrated margin. The color is a vibrant, glossy green, contributing to a lush canopy during the spring and summer months.
The flowers are an iconic feature, emerging from the buds in late winter or early spring, often appearing before any new leaves are visible. Each blossom is fragrant and showy, measuring between 1 to 2 inches in diameter.
Individual almond flowers possess five petals and range in color from pure white to a delicate pale pink. These flowers are borne laterally on short spurs, creating a dense display. The early and abundant flowering period distinguishes the almond tree from many of its relatives.
The Almond Fruit
The fruit of the almond tree is not a true nut but a drupe, botanically similar to a peach or plum. This fruit is about 1.5 to 2.5 inches long and is encased in a thick, leathery outer layer known as the hull. This hull is fuzzy and greenish-gray when young, giving the developing fruit a velvety appearance.
As the fruit matures, the fleshy hull dries out and naturally begins to split open along a seam, a process called dehiscence. This splitting reveals the hard, protective shell beneath. The shell itself is woody, light brown, and often marked with small pits or corrugations.
Inside the shell is the kernel, which is the edible seed commonly called the almond. Typically, only one kernel develops within each shell, though occasionally two may be found.