The term African Daisy commonly refers to two distinct genera, Osteospermum and Dimorphotheca, both native to South Africa. While they produce similar daisy-like flowers, the seeds themselves present different forms. Understanding these visual differences is the first step toward successful propagation of these vibrant plants.
Distinct Physical Characteristics
African Daisy seeds vary significantly depending on the genus, often exhibiting distinct shapes within the same flower head. The name Dimorphotheca itself translates to “two shapes of fruit,” which perfectly describes the two types of achenes it produces. One seed type, derived from the ray florets (the petal-like parts), is typically wingless and stick-like in appearance. The other, from the central disk florets, is flattened and features two prominent wings.
Osteospermum seeds are generally more uniform and robust. These achenes are often curved or crescent-shaped. They are relatively small, usually around one-eighth to one-quarter of an inch long, and their color ranges from light tan to dark brown or black. The surface texture can be notably ribbed or bristly, which helps them catch in the soil or be carried by water.
Harvesting Viable Seeds
Collecting African Daisy seeds requires the flower head to be completely spent and dry before harvest. The ideal time is when the petals have withered and the central structure, the receptacle, has turned entirely brown and dry, usually several weeks after blooming. If the seed head is still green, the seeds inside are not yet mature and will not germinate reliably.
To harvest, gently snip off the brown flower head and rub it between your fingers over a container. The mature achenes will easily separate and fall out. Ensure the seeds are completely dry before storage to prevent mold or rot. Store the dried seeds in a paper envelope or small glass jar in a cool, dark, and dry location until planting.
Successful Sowing and Germination
African Daisy seeds need specific conditions to germinate successfully. Many varieties require light to sprout, so the seeds should be surface-sown or covered only with a very thin layer of fine seed-starting mix, approximately one-sixteenth of an inch deep. Pressing the seed lightly onto the soil surface is often sufficient for contact.
The seeds thrive in a well-draining soil medium that is kept consistently moist but never soggy, as overwatering can lead to fungal issues. Aim for an ideal germination temperature range of 60 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit, which can often be achieved indoors on a heat mat or near a sunny window. Starting seeds indoors six to ten weeks before the last expected frost date allows them to develop into sturdy seedlings, ready for transplanting outdoors once the danger of frost has passed.