Daily flossing is a universally recommended practice for oral health, yet consumers are increasingly questioning the chemical composition of the thread they use. This scrutiny centers on the presence of Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, known collectively as PFAS. This class of synthetic chemicals is characterized by its persistent nature, earning them the nickname “forever chemicals.” They do not easily break down in the environment or the human body, leading to concerns about their accumulation.
The Role of PFAS in Dental Products
PFAS compounds are incorporated into some dental floss to enhance the user experience by giving the thread unique functional properties. These chemicals are prized in manufacturing for their ability to create non-stick, water-resistant, and grease-repellent surfaces. In the context of dental floss, PFAS are specifically used to reduce friction, allowing the strand to glide more smoothly and easily between tight teeth.
The chemical structure of PFAS, featuring strong carbon-fluorine bonds, provides the floss with a slick, low-friction surface. This non-stick characteristic prevents the floss from shredding or breaking during use. This chemical stability provides performance benefits but also contributes to the compounds’ persistence and potential accumulation.
Identifying Floss Materials That May Contain PFAS
Consumers seeking to avoid these compounds should be aware of the specific synthetic material most commonly associated with PFAS in dental floss. Polytetrafluoroethylene, or PTFE, is a fluoropolymer that belongs to the PFAS family. This material is chemically related to the non-stick coating known commercially as Teflon.
Floss products made from PTFE often feature a single-strand filament that is notably smooth and designed to slide effortlessly between teeth. Manufacturers may not explicitly list “PFAS” or “PTFE” on the packaging, but they will use marketing language that describes this specific function. Look for phrases such as “easily slides,” “super-slip,” or “glides smoothly” as potential indicators of a fluoropolymer material.
Another clue can be found in descriptive material that advertises a “Teflon fiber” or compares the product to brands often associated with PTFE. Since labeling is not always transparent, consumers may need to contact the manufacturer directly to definitively check a product. The goal is to identify materials that rely on chemical treatment rather than a natural coating to achieve their low-friction surface.
Safe, PFAS-Free Floss Alternatives
The most direct way to ensure a product is PFAS-free is to choose alternatives made from natural fibers or materials that achieve their glide through natural waxes. Silk floss is a popular option, as it is a completely natural fiber derived from silkworms and is inherently free of synthetic fluorochemicals. This type of floss is generally coated with natural waxes, such as beeswax or candelilla wax, to improve its movement between teeth.
Other plant-based options include floss made from bamboo fiber or corn fiber, which are often biodegradable and offer a smooth texture without the need for chemical treatment. When considering nylon or polyester floss, it is important to look for products that are explicitly labeled as “PFAS-free” and use a natural wax coating. Certain brands use plant-derived waxes, like candelilla, or beeswax, to provide the necessary smoothness.
In addition to traditional string floss, consumers can explore interdental cleaning tools that bypass the need for a synthetic thread altogether. Water flossers use a pressurized stream of water to clean between teeth and below the gumline, offering an alternative method for plaque removal. Interdental brushes are small, cylindrical brushes effective for cleaning spaces between teeth, particularly for individuals with bridges, braces, or larger gaps. These tools can serve as a primary or complementary cleaning method for those prioritizing the avoidance of chemical compounds.