A cough is a prevalent symptom associated with COVID-19. This article offers general guidance on managing a COVID-19 related cough with readily available options. This information is for general understanding and should not replace personalized medical advice from a healthcare professional.
Differentiating Your Cough
Recognizing your cough type is important for selecting appropriate remedies. Coughs are categorized into two main types: dry or wet. A dry cough, also known as non-productive, does not produce mucus or phlegm and often feels tickly or persistent.
A wet cough, or productive cough, brings up mucus or phlegm from the respiratory tract. While a COVID-19 cough is frequently dry, it can also present as a wet cough, particularly in later stages or severe cases. Distinguishing between these types helps choose effective over-the-counter medication or home remedies.
Over-the-Counter Options
Over-the-counter (OTC) medications help manage cough symptoms, with different types targeting specific characteristics. Cough suppressants, also called antitussives, reduce the cough reflex. Dextromethorphan, a primary active ingredient, acts on the brain’s cough center, decreasing coughing frequency and intensity. This medication is suitable for dry, non-productive coughs.
Expectorants thin and loosen mucus, making it easier to cough up. Guaifenesin, a common active ingredient, increases water content in respiratory secretions to clear congestion. Expectorants are recommended for wet, productive coughs to expel phlegm.
Many OTC products combine multiple active ingredients, including suppressants, expectorants, decongestants, or antihistamines. Always read product labels carefully to avoid taking multiple medications with the same active ingredients, which can lead to overdose. Follow package directions for dosage. Potential side effects include dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, or stomach upset.
Supportive Care and Home Remedies
Beyond specific medications, supportive care measures and home remedies can provide cough relief. Staying well-hydrated with water, clear broths, or warm teas helps thin mucus, making it easier to clear, and soothes irritated airways. Dehydration can worsen cough problems and throat soreness.
Using a humidifier adds moisture to the air, soothing dry nasal passages and throat tissues. Moist air also thins mucus, making productive coughs more effective and easing breathing, particularly at night. Throat lozenges or hard candies stimulate saliva production, soothing the throat and temporarily reducing the urge to cough.
Honey is an effective traditional remedy for soothing coughs in adults and children over one year. It coats the throat, alleviating irritation. Honey can be taken by the spoonful or mixed into warm water or tea.
Elevating the head while sleeping helps reduce nighttime coughing by preventing mucus pooling. Gargling with warm salt water eases throat discomfort.
When to Consult a Healthcare Professional
While many COVID-19 coughs can be managed at home, certain symptoms warrant immediate medical attention. Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath are serious signs requiring prompt evaluation. Persistent pain or pressure in the chest is also a cause for concern.
Other red flag symptoms include a high fever that does not improve, a cough that worsens or does not improve after several days, or coughing up blood. New confusion, inability to wake or stay awake, or a bluish discoloration of the lips, face, or nail beds indicate an emergency.
Individuals with underlying health conditions, such as chronic lung or heart disease, should seek medical advice if their cough is severe or accompanied by concerning symptoms.