The container used for a urine sample directly influences the accuracy of diagnostic testing. Laboratory tests analyze the sample for chemical components, microbiological presence, and cellular elements, all of which can be altered by external contamination. Using an inappropriate container introduces foreign materials that skew results, leading to an inaccurate diagnosis or the need for a repeat sample. For instance, chemical residues interfere with dipstick readings, while non-sterile containers introduce bacteria that cause false positive results for a urinary tract infection.
The Standard and Recommended Collection Kit
The most effective option for collecting a urine sample is the sterile, disposable cup or kit supplied by a clinic or laboratory. These containers are specifically designed for medical use and are guaranteed to be free from bacteria, chemicals, and foreign particles upon opening. Sterility is paramount, especially when the test involves a culture to identify possible bacterial growth, as any introduced microorganism could invalidate the result.
These containers feature a wide mouth for easier collection and a tightly sealing, screw-on lid to prevent leakage and contamination during transport. Many include a designated area to affix a label with the patient’s information, collection date, and time. While a healthcare provider will often give you a container, sterile urine collection cups can also be purchased from most pharmacies.
Acceptable Household Substitutes and Preparation
If a sterile collection kit is unavailable, a household container may be used, though this should be considered a last resort. Acceptable substitutes include a clean glass jar or a new, unused plastic food storage container. The material must be non-porous and capable of being thoroughly cleaned without leaving residue.
Preparation of any substitute container must be meticulous to prevent contamination that interferes with analysis. Begin by washing the container thoroughly with warm water and dish soap, ensuring all visible dirt is removed. The container must then be rinsed at least ten times with clean tap water to remove every trace of soap residue, as soap is a chemical contaminant that can skew the urine’s chemical analysis.
After rinsing, the container must be allowed to air dry completely. Using a towel introduces microscopic fibers that are considered foreign debris and can lead to the sample being rejected by the lab. Avoid using containers that have previously stored strong chemicals, oils, or porous materials that cannot be adequately sterilized.
Essential Handling and Storage Guidelines
Immediately after collection, you must seal the container with a tight-fitting lid to maintain the sample’s integrity and prevent spillage. The container must be clearly labeled with the patient’s full name, date of birth, and the exact date and time the sample was collected. This information is necessary for the laboratory to properly identify and process the specimen.
Ideally, a fresh urine sample should be delivered to the lab for testing within one hour of collection if kept at room temperature. If a delay is unavoidable, the sample must be refrigerated to slow down the multiplication of any bacteria present. Storing the sample in a refrigerator at a temperature between 2°C and 8°C (35.6°F to 46.4°F) can preserve its stability for up to 24 hours.
Failing to refrigerate or delaying testing beyond the recommended window allows bacteria to overgrow, which can result in a false positive for an infection. Prolonged storage at room temperature also causes the degradation of cellular components and chemical markers, making the sample unreliable for accurate analysis. The sample should be kept cool during transport, often by placing it in a sealed plastic bag within a cooler or insulated bag, and delivered to the laboratory as soon as possible.