Penile discharge refers to any fluid that leaks from the urethra that is not urine or pre-ejaculate. This symptom can indicate an underlying infection, often a sexually transmitted infection (STI), and warrants prompt medical attention. Ignoring this symptom can lead to more significant health issues.
Specific STD Causes
Several sexually transmitted infections commonly lead to penile discharge, each with distinct characteristics.
One frequent cause is gonorrhea, caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Penile discharge from gonorrhea is typically thick and purulent, appearing yellowish or greenish, and is often abundant. Individuals with gonorrhea may also experience painful urination.
Another common STI causing discharge is chlamydia, caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. Chlamydia discharge tends to be clear, watery, or whitish, and can be less noticeable or intermittent compared to gonorrhea. Accompanying symptoms might include painful urination or itching around the opening of the penis.
Trichomoniasis, an STI caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis, can also result in penile discharge. This discharge is often described as thin and whitish or clear, though it can sometimes be frothy. Irritation or itching inside the penis, and burning after urination or ejaculation, are common associated symptoms.
Mycoplasma genitalium is another bacterial STI that can cause penile discharge. Discharge associated with Mycoplasma genitalium is often watery or mucopurulent, sometimes resembling that seen with chlamydia, but it can be more persistent. Men infected with Mycoplasma genitalium might also experience pain when urinating, burning, itching in the urethra, or discomfort in the testicles. While these STIs are primary causes, other conditions like urinary tract infections or balanitis can also lead to discharge.
When to Consult a Doctor
Observing any penile discharge that is not related to sexual arousal or ejaculation warrants immediate medical evaluation. Self-diagnosis is unreliable and can lead to delayed treatment, which may result in more serious health complications. Early diagnosis and treatment are important for resolving the infection and preventing its spread to others. A healthcare professional can accurately determine the cause of the discharge.
Testing and Treatment
Diagnosing the cause of penile discharge typically involves a physical examination and laboratory tests. A healthcare provider may collect a urine sample or a swab of the discharge or urethra to identify the specific pathogen responsible for the infection. Samples are analyzed to confirm the presence of bacteria or parasites.
Treatment for penile discharge caused by STIs usually involves antibiotics or antiparasitic medications. The specific medication and dosage depend on the identified STI. Complete the entire course of medication as prescribed, even if symptoms improve quickly.
During treatment, abstaining from sexual activity is advised to prevent further transmission and allow the infection to clear. Sexual partners should also be informed, tested, and treated to prevent reinfection and control STI spread. In some cases, follow-up testing may be recommended to confirm the infection has been successfully eradicated.