A mole, medically known as a nevus, is a common skin growth. These growths are typically harmless and form when pigment-producing cells cluster together. While most moles are benign, they occur in a variety of colors.
The Usual Spectrum of Mole Colors
Moles can appear in a wide range of colors, encompassing various shades. Common mole colors include light brown, dark brown, tan, and black. Some moles may also be pink, red, or skin-colored, blending with the surrounding complexion. A single mole may display multiple shades of brown or black. Consistent color variations within a mole over time, within this typical spectrum, are generally considered normal.
The Science Behind Mole Color
Mole color originates from melanin, the natural pigment that gives color to skin, hair, and eyes, produced by melanocytes. Moles form when melanocytes grow in clusters rather than being evenly spread throughout the skin. The concentration and activity of these melanocytes within the cluster determine the mole’s specific color and shade. Genetic factors play a role in the number and location of moles. Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can influence melanin production, potentially causing existing moles to darken or new ones to appear.
When Mole Color Signals Concern
Monitoring moles for changes in color or other characteristics is important for skin health. While most moles are benign, certain changes can signal a need for medical evaluation. Healthcare providers use the “ABCDEs” guide to identify potentially concerning moles:
- Asymmetry (A): One half of the mole does not match the other half.
- Border (B): Irregular, ragged, notched, or blurred edges.
- Color (C): Uneven coloration, multiple shades of black, brown, or tan, or areas of white, gray, red, or blue. New or changing colors, especially those outside the typical brown/black spectrum or inconsistent within the mole, warrant attention.
- Diameter (D): Larger than 6 millimeters, roughly the size of a pencil eraser.
- Evolving (E): Any changes over time in a mole’s size, shape, color, or elevation. New symptoms like bleeding, itching, or crusting also fall under the evolving category.
If any of these signs are noticed, or if there is concern about a mole, consulting a dermatologist or healthcare professional is recommended. Not all changing moles are cancerous, but professional evaluation is essential for accurate diagnosis and guidance.