Gorillas are predominantly black, dark brown, or dark gray, with their coloration dependent on species, age, and sex. The two recognized species, the Western Gorilla and the Eastern Gorilla, show differences in the overall tone of their coats. Eastern gorillas tend to be significantly darker, often appearing almost jet black, while Western gorillas typically exhibit a slightly lighter, browner, or grayish hue. This dark coloring provides excellent camouflage within the dense, shaded forests of equatorial Africa.
General Appearance and Fur Texture
The hair covering most of a gorilla’s body is coarse and dark, ranging from black to a deep brown-gray. This dense coat covers nearly the entire physique, except for the face, ears, palms, and soles of the feet. The underlying skin is jet black, which is visible in these hairless areas.
The texture and length of the fur vary considerably between the species. Gorillas living at higher elevations, such as the Mountain Gorilla, have the longest and thickest hair, which provides insulation against colder temperatures. Conversely, the Western Lowland Gorilla, inhabiting warmer, low-lying forests, has shorter and sparser hair. Juvenile gorillas of some subspecies, such as the Western Lowland, may also have a small, white tuft of hair on their rump that helps their mothers keep track of them.
The Silverback Distinction
The most recognized variation in gorilla coloration is the “silverback,” a term that denotes a mature male gorilla. This coloration is a secondary sexual characteristic that serves as a visual marker of their age and dominant social status within a troop. The silverback designation is not a separate species but rather a life stage achieved by male gorillas around 12 years of age.
At this age, a saddle of gray or silver-white hair begins to grow across the male’s back and hips. This lighter hair contrasts sharply with the surrounding dark fur. Younger adult males who have not yet developed this silver saddle are referred to as “blackbacks.” The silverback’s presence is central to the social structure, as he leads the troop, makes decisions, and defends the group from threats.
Subspecies Color Differences
The two gorilla species are divided into four recognized subspecies, each with color variations. The two subspecies of the Western Gorilla, the Western Lowland and the Cross River, are generally lighter in tone than their Eastern relatives. Western Lowland Gorillas often display a brownish-gray coat, and some individuals may have a reddish or brownish cap of fur on their heads.
In contrast, the two subspecies of the Eastern Gorilla, the Mountain Gorilla and the Eastern Lowland Gorilla (Grauer’s gorilla), are considerably darker. The Mountain Gorilla has the darkest hair of all, appearing almost pure black, an adaptation to their high-altitude, cold habitat. The Eastern Lowland Gorilla has a deep black coat, though its hair is shorter than the Mountain Gorilla’s.