Lawn care companies utilize specialized chemical products to maintain turfgrass health, addressing nutrition, pest management, and weed control. These substances are applied strategically to promote vigorous growth or to control organisms that threaten the lawn. Professionals often use formulations and application methods not available to the general consumer.
Chemicals for Nutrient Delivery (Fertilizers)
Fertilizers are the primary chemical application used to feed the grass, providing the necessary elements for healthy growth. These products are formulated around the three macronutrients plants require in the largest amounts: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). The ratio of these three elements is often displayed prominently on the product label.
Nitrogen promotes vibrant green color and lush density by encouraging chlorophyll production. Phosphorus supports strong, deep root systems, important for newly established turf to anchor itself. Potassium strengthens the grass’s defenses against environmental stressors like drought, disease, and extreme temperatures.
Professional lawn care often relies on enhanced-efficiency fertilizers, particularly those with slow-release mechanisms. Slow-release products deliver nutrients gradually over an extended period, unlike fast-release formulations that provide a quick surge. This method ensures a steady supply of food, promoting uniform growth and reducing the risk of “burning” the turf.
Chemicals for Weed Management (Herbicides)
Herbicides are chemicals intended to eliminate unwanted plant life without harming the turfgrass. Professionals distinguish between herbicides based on their timing of application and scope of action, allowing for a targeted approach to weed control.
Pre-emergent herbicides are applied to the soil before weed seeds have a chance to sprout, creating a chemical barrier near the surface. These substances inhibit cell division in the young root system of germinating seeds, preventing weeds like crabgrass from becoming visible. The timing is crucial and must occur before soil temperatures trigger weed seed germination.
Post-emergent herbicides treat weeds that have already germinated and are actively growing in the lawn. These treatments are applied directly to the foliage, where they are absorbed and translocated throughout the plant to achieve control. Professionals use these products for reactive treatments against established broadleaf weeds like dandelions and clover.
Herbicides are categorized as either selective or non-selective. Selective herbicides target specific plant types, such as broadleaf weeds, while leaving the turfgrass unharmed. Non-selective herbicides kill almost any plant they contact, and are reserved for precise spot treatments or preparing areas needing total vegetation removal.
Chemicals for Pest and Insect Control (Insecticides and Pesticides)
To protect the turf from damaging organisms, lawn care companies apply specialized chemicals known as insecticides and pesticides. These treatments manage a variety of pests, ranging from surface-feeding insects to those that cause harm underground. The application method often depends on the type of pest being targeted.
Subsurface insects, such as white grubs, cause damage by feeding on grass roots, leading to large patches of dead turf. Treatments are often systemic, meaning the chemical is absorbed by the plant and moves throughout its tissues, making the grass toxic to consuming insects. Systemic products provide a longer window of protection and are frequently applied preventatively.
Surface-feeding insects, including chinch bugs or certain caterpillars, are usually controlled using contact treatments. These products remain on the surface of the grass blades and kill the pest upon direct contact or ingestion as the insect feeds. The choice between a preventative application and a reactive one is a significant consideration in professional pest management. Preventative treatments are used against highly destructive pests like grubs, while reactive applications are reserved for less predictable pests to minimize chemical use.
Chemicals for Disease and Soil Health (Fungicides and Modifiers)
Beyond nutrition and pest control, professionals sometimes use chemicals to manage turf diseases and to improve the underlying soil environment. These specialized applications address specific biological or physical limitations in the lawn’s growing conditions.
Fungicides are chemicals used to prevent or treat turf diseases caused by various fungi, such as brown patch or dollar spot. These diseases typically manifest as discolored spots or patches and thrive under conditions like high humidity or prolonged moisture. Fungicide applications are usually applied preventatively in high-risk seasons or curatively when a disease outbreak is confirmed.
To ensure treatments work effectively, lawn care companies may apply soil modifiers to adjust the soil’s pH level. Soil pH, which measures acidity or alkalinity, dictates nutrient availability to the grass roots. If the soil is too acidic, lime is applied to raise the pH toward a neutral range, unlocking trapped nutrients. Conversely, if the soil is too alkaline, elemental sulfur may be applied to lower the pH, making micronutrients more accessible. These adjustments are based on soil test results, as unbalanced soil chemistry reduces the effectiveness of fertilizers and herbicides.