Eyelash loss can be a concerning experience. While noticing fewer lashes can be alarming, it is a common issue with various identifiable origins. Understanding the factors that contribute to eyelash thinning or shedding can help address the concern effectively. This article explores why eyelashes might fall out, covering natural processes, external influences, and underlying health conditions.
The Eyelash Growth Cycle
Eyelashes, like other hairs, undergo a natural growth cycle with three distinct phases. The anagen phase is the active growth period, where the lash grows to its full length, typically lasting one to two months.
Following this, eyelashes enter the catagen phase, a transitional period of about two to three weeks. During this time, the hair follicle shrinks, and growth stops. Finally, the telogen phase is a resting stage where the lash remains in the follicle for several months, usually three to nine months, before naturally shedding. This continuous cycle means some natural lash shedding occurs daily, a normal part of lash renewal.
Common External Influences
Many instances of eyelash loss stem from daily habits and cosmetic routines. Improper eye makeup removal, such as vigorous rubbing or not fully cleansing mascara, can cause mechanical damage and breakage. Sleeping with mascara on also makes lashes brittle, increasing their susceptibility to breakage or premature shedding.
The application and removal of eyelash extensions can also contribute to lash loss if not done correctly. Excessive tension from heavy extensions or harsh adhesives may damage the natural lash follicle. Improper removal techniques can also pull out natural lashes. Physical trauma, like frequent eye rubbing due to allergies or habit, can weaken lashes and lead to detachment. Poor eyelid hygiene, allowing debris or makeup residue to accumulate, can irritate lash follicles and affect their health.
Underlying Health Conditions
Beyond external factors, several health conditions can influence eyelash retention. Alopecia areata, an autoimmune disorder, can cause the immune system to mistakenly attack hair follicles, leading to sudden and patchy hair loss. Thyroid disorders, such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, can disrupt the hair growth cycle, resulting in diffuse hair thinning, including the eyelashes.
Blepharitis, an inflammation of the eyelids, often presents with symptoms like redness, itching, and flaking at the lash line, which can irritate hair follicles and lead to lash loss. Nutritional deficiencies can also play a role; insufficient intake of certain vitamins and minerals like biotin, vitamin D, iron, or zinc, can impact hair health and growth. Significant physical or emotional stress can trigger telogen effluvium, a condition where many hairs prematurely enter the resting phase and then shed. Skin conditions like eczema or psoriasis, when affecting the eyelid area, can cause inflammation and irritation that may lead to lash fragility and loss. Certain medications, including those for chemotherapy, blood thinners, or thyroid conditions, can also have eyelash loss as a known side effect.
When to Consult a Doctor
It is advisable to seek professional medical advice if eyelash loss is sudden, significant, or appears without an obvious external cause. If lash loss is accompanied by symptoms such as itching, redness, swelling, or pain in the eye area, a medical evaluation is warranted. These symptoms could indicate an underlying infection or inflammatory condition requiring specific treatment.
Consulting a doctor is also important if eyelash loss occurs alongside other systemic symptoms, like unexplained weight changes, fatigue, or changes in skin or hair texture, as these might point to a broader health issue. If conservative measures, such as improving hygiene or changing cosmetic routines, do not resolve the lash loss, a healthcare professional can help identify the root cause, provide an accurate diagnosis, and recommend appropriate treatment options.