Hearing a squeak, click, or pop in the ear when moving the jaw is a common phenomenon. This sound originates from the close proximity of the jaw joint to the ear canal and the shared musculature controlling both structures. The noise is often a sign of mechanical friction or a sudden change in air pressure within the middle ear. Understanding the two primary causes—one related to the jaw’s mechanics and the other to ear function—clarifies why jaw movement results in auditory symptoms.
Primary Cause: Temporomandibular Joint Issues
The most frequent source of jaw-related ear noise is a mechanical problem with the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The TMJ is the hinge connecting the lower jawbone (mandible) to the temporal bone of the skull. This joint combines a hinge action for opening and closing with a gliding motion for side-to-side and forward movements. A small, oval-shaped articular disc acts as a cushion between the bones to ensure smooth movement.
When the articular disc slips out of position and snaps back into place during jaw movement, it creates the distinct click or pop. This condition, known as disc displacement with reduction, is a common temporomandibular disorder (TMD). A grating or scraping noise, medically termed crepitus, suggests the protective disc is severely compressed or displaced, causing the bones to rub together.
Muscle imbalances or chronic tension in the surrounding masticatory muscles also contribute to joint dysfunction and noise. The masseter and temporalis muscles, responsible for closing the jaw, can become overworked from habits like teeth grinding or clenching. This tension increases pressure on the TMJ, which can pull the disc out of alignment, resulting in the audible squeaking or clicking. Because the TMJ is located directly in front of the ear canal, these mechanical noises are easily transmitted and perceived as originating inside the ear.
Secondary Cause: Eustachian Tube Dysfunction
A separate anatomical issue causing squeaking or popping when moving the jaw involves the Eustachian tube. This small tube links the middle ear cavity to the back of the throat and nasal area. Its function is to equalize air pressure between the middle ear and the outside environment, which is necessary for the eardrum to vibrate correctly.
Normally, the Eustachian tube remains closed and opens briefly when a person swallows, yawns, or chews. This opening is controlled by the tensor veli palatini muscle, which is closely related to the muscles involved in jaw movement. If the tube is obstructed, often due to inflammation from allergies, a cold, or sinus congestion, it leads to Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD).
When the tube is blocked, pressure inside the middle ear cannot equalize freely. Jaw movement forces the muscle to contract, which may suddenly open the blocked tube. This causes a rush of air or fluid movement heard as a distinct pop, click, or squeak. This auditory event is a pressure equalization noise, distinguishing it from the mechanical friction noise of the TMJ.
Immediate Home Relief Strategies
For immediate relief from jaw-related ear noises, focus on resting the jaw joint and relaxing the surrounding muscles. Switching to a soft diet temporarily minimizes the strenuous work required by the jaw muscles. Avoiding foods that require extensive chewing, such as tough meats, chewing gum, or hard candies, reduces strain on the TMJ.
Applying a warm, moist compress or an ice pack to the side of the face, over the jaw joint and temple area, can reduce inflammation and relax tight muscles. Gentle self-massage of the masseter muscle along the cheekbone and the temporalis muscle near the temple helps release stored tension. Simple exercises, such as slowly opening the mouth a small amount while placing the tongue on the roof of the mouth, encourage proper jaw tracking without overextending the joint.
When to Consult a Professional
While occasional clicking is common and often resolves on its own, certain symptoms indicate a need for professional evaluation. Medical attention is warranted if the noise is accompanied by severe or persistent pain in the jaw, ear, or face, or if the noise is a constant, grating sound. Other warning signs include the jaw locking in an open or closed position, or an inability to open the mouth fully.
A medical professional can determine whether the cause is mechanical (TMJ) or pressure-related (ETD). Dentists specializing in TMD, oral surgeons, or physical therapists can evaluate the jaw joint’s mechanics. They often prescribe a custom oral appliance, such as a stabilization splint, to prevent night-time clenching. If symptoms include muffled hearing, ear pain without infection, or ringing in the ears, an otolaryngologist (ENT) can assess the Eustachian tube and middle ear function. These professionals offer advanced treatments, including physical therapy or, in severe cases, specialized interventions for the joint or tube.