Mandibular tori are benign bony growths that develop in the lower jaw, often on the tongue side. These common growths do not pose a health risk. This article explores their contributing factors.
Understanding Mandibular Tori
Mandibular tori appear as firm, rounded bumps on the inner surface of the lower jaw, typically near the premolar teeth. They can occur on one side (unilateral) or both sides (bilateral), with bilateral presentation affecting about 80% of individuals. These growths are composed of dense, compact bone tissue and are covered by normal gum tissue. Their size and shape vary, from small to prominent masses. They are considered harmless. Many people are unaware they have mandibular tori until a dental examination reveals them.
Primary Causes of Mandibular Tori
The formation of mandibular tori is influenced by several factors. Genetic predisposition plays a significant role, as these bony growths often run in families. Studies show a strong hereditary component. Certain ethnic groups, such as those of Asian or Native American descent, also show a higher prevalence of mandibular tori.
Excessive chewing forces and oral stress also contribute to their development. Conditions like bruxism, which involves habitual teeth grinding or clenching, can place constant pressure and strain on the jawbone, stimulating bone tissue growth. The anatomy of the mouth, including a narrow jaw or misaligned teeth, can further concentrate these forces in specific areas, potentially leading to tori formation. Some theories suggest these growths may be a natural defense mechanism to provide additional support to teeth under strain.
Dietary factors have been explored, though their link is less established compared to genetics and mechanical stress. Some research suggests a connection between certain dietary habits, such as consuming hard or abrasive foods, or a diet high in fish (especially raw or undercooked varieties), and tori formation. While there isn’t a direct link between vitamin deficiencies and tori, overall nutrition, particularly vitamins like Vitamin D, can influence bone density.
When Mandibular Tori Become a Concern
Though usually harmless, mandibular tori can cause issues or require attention. One common concern is interference with dental appliances. Large tori can make it difficult to achieve a proper fit for dentures, mouthguards, or orthodontic devices, leading to discomfort or an ill-fitting appliance.
The growths can also cause discomfort or pain, particularly when eating, speaking, or if accidentally irritated by food or sharp edges. In some instances, large tori may hinder tongue movement, potentially affecting speech or making oral hygiene challenging. If tori grow rapidly, become painful, or interfere with daily functions, a dental professional should be consulted. Removal is not needed unless these problems arise.