Green nails, also known as Chloronychia or Green Nail Syndrome, are a condition characterized by a greenish discoloration of the nail plate. This change in nail color typically signals a bacterial infection. While generally not a serious health concern, they indicate an imbalance in the nail’s environment.
The Main Cause
The primary cause of green nails is an infection by the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This bacterium is common in natural environments like soil and water. While it does not typically thrive on dry, healthy nails, under specific conditions, Pseudomonas aeruginosa can colonize the nail and produce unique pigments. These pigments, such as pyocyanin (blue-green) and pyoverdin (greenish-yellow), accumulate within or under the nail. This accumulation causes the characteristic green, blue-green, or sometimes black discoloration.
Conditions That Encourage Growth
Several factors can create an environment conducive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth. Prolonged moisture exposure is a significant contributor, as the bacterium thrives in damp conditions. This includes frequent handwashing, wearing wet gloves, or regular swimming, which weakens the nail’s natural barrier.
Physical trauma or injury to the nail also provides entry points for bacteria, such as from impacts or aggressive manicures that compromise the nail’s integrity. Additionally, existing nail conditions like onycholysis (nail separation from its bed) or chronic paronychia (inflammation of nail folds) create moist pockets. Artificial nails can also trap moisture, increasing infection risk.
Recognizing Other Signs and When to Get Help
Beyond the green discoloration, other signs may indicate a Pseudomonas nail infection. These include a foul odor, soft or brittle nails, or the nail lifting from its bed (onycholysis). Inflammation around the nail (paronychia) can also occur.
While often manageable with at-home care, seek professional medical advice if the discoloration persists, worsens, or spreads. Increased pain, swelling, or redness around the nail also warrants medical attention. Individuals with underlying health conditions, such as diabetes or a compromised immune system, should consult a healthcare provider promptly.
Effective Treatment and Prevention
Treating green nails involves eliminating the bacterial infection and restoring nail health. Keeping the affected nail dry is a primary step, as Pseudomonas aeruginosa cannot colonize dry environments. Topical treatments, such as antiseptic solutions (e.g., diluted white vinegar) or antibacterial solutions, can be applied. Topical antibiotics like polymyxin B, gentamicin, or ciprofloxacin drops may be prescribed. For severe or persistent infections, oral antibiotics or gentle removal of the affected nail portion might be necessary.
Preventing green nails involves good nail hygiene and minimizing exposure to conditions favoring bacterial growth. Keep nails clean and dry, especially after water activities. Wearing protective gloves for tasks involving prolonged water exposure or chemicals reduces risk. Avoiding excessive nail trauma, ensuring artificial nails are applied correctly, and promptly addressing underlying nail conditions like onycholysis or fungal infections are important preventative measures.