Bony growths in the mouth often appear as firm, slow-growing lumps of bone. While typically harmless, their discovery can understandably lead to concern. This article aims to clarify their characteristics and development.
Common Types of Bony Growths in the Mouth
One of the most frequently encountered benign bony growths is the torus palatinus. This growth is located along the midline of the hard palate, which forms the roof of the mouth. It can present as a smooth, rounded elevation or have a lobulated, irregular appearance. Its size can range from barely noticeable to quite prominent.
Another common type is the torus mandibularis, which develops on the lingual (tongue-side) surface of the lower jawbone. These growths typically appear near the premolar teeth and are often present on both sides of the mouth. They can range in size from small bumps to larger, multi-lobed masses. Both torus palatinus and torus mandibularis are considered normal anatomical variations.
Similar bony prominences, known as exostoses, can form on other areas of the jawbones. These are found on the buccal (cheek-side) surface of the upper or lower jaw, or along the alveolar ridge (bone that supports the teeth). Like tori, exostoses are non-cancerous and usually grow slowly.
These growths are composed of normal, dense bone tissue. They are generally painless unless they are subjected to trauma or irritation. Their presence is a result of localized bone overgrowth, which typically progresses gradually throughout a person’s life.
Factors Contributing to Their Development
The development of bony growths in the mouth is influenced by a combination of factors, with a significant genetic component often playing a role. These growths frequently exhibit a hereditary pattern, meaning they tend to run in families. If parents have tori or exostoses, their offspring are more likely to develop them. This genetic predisposition suggests an inherited tendency for localized bone proliferation.
Mechanical stress and functional forces exerted on the jawbones also contribute to their formation. Chewing forces can stimulate the bone to adapt and grow denser in certain areas. Bruxism (involuntary clenching or grinding of teeth) can place considerable stress on the jawbones. This chronic pressure and friction can trigger an osteogenic (bone-forming) response in susceptible individuals.
The body’s bone tissue is dynamic and constantly remodels in response to mechanical loads. In areas experiencing sustained or increased stress, osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) can become more active. This heightened activity leads to the deposition of additional bone, resulting in the characteristic bony lumps. The precise threshold or type of stress required to induce these growths can vary among individuals.
While these growths can emerge at any age, they often increase in size with advancing age. This age-related progression might be due to the cumulative effect of functional stresses over many years. A combination of genetic and environmental factors contributes to their overall development.
When to Seek Professional Advice and Treatment
Consulting a dental professional is advisable if a bony growth in the mouth begins to cause problems. If the growth interferes with eating, speaking, or the proper fit of a denture, evaluation is warranted. If the area becomes frequently traumatized during chewing or brushing, leading to chronic irritation or ulceration, professional assessment can determine the best course of action. Any sudden pain, rapid increase in size, or change in appearance of a growth should prompt an immediate dental visit to rule out other conditions.
The diagnosis of these bony growths is typically straightforward and primarily relies on a clinical examination. A dentist or oral surgeon can usually identify them through visual inspection and palpation. Dental X-rays may be utilized to confirm the bony nature of the growth and to rule out any underlying dental issues. These imaging studies provide a clear view of the bone structure.
For most asymptomatic bony growths, no treatment is necessary, and they are simply monitored over time. Many individuals live with these growths without experiencing any functional issues or discomfort. Observation is the standard approach unless specific problems arise.
Surgical removal is an option considered when the growth causes significant functional interference, chronic trauma, or is needed for prosthetic reasons, such as preparing the mouth for dentures. The procedure involves carefully reducing or removing the bony prominence under local anesthesia. This is a common and generally safe procedure, and patients typically recover well. Surgical intervention is a straightforward solution when symptoms necessitate it.