A tailor’s bunion, also known as a bunionette, is a common foot condition characterized by a bony bump that forms on the outside of the foot. It specifically develops at the base of the little toe, where it connects to the foot.
What is a Tailor’s Bunion?
A tailor’s bunion is an enlargement of the fifth metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint, located at the base of the pinkie toe. This bony prominence appears as a noticeable bump on the outer edge of the forefoot. Common symptoms include pain, redness, and swelling around the affected joint, especially when pressure is applied. Calluses or thickened skin may also form over the bump due to friction.
The historical name “tailor’s bunion” originates from centuries ago when tailors would sit cross-legged for extended periods. This posture pressed the outside edge of their feet against the ground, leading to the development of this painful bump.
Anatomical and Biomechanical Factors
Foot structure and function play a significant role in the development of a tailor’s bunion. Inherited foot types can predispose someone to this condition. For instance, a splayed foot, where the forefoot bones spread excessively, can lead to the fifth metatarsal bone protruding outwards.
Variations in the fifth metatarsal bone contribute. Some individuals may have an abnormally shaped or prominent fifth metatarsal head, or an increased curvature of the fifth metatarsal shaft. These structural anomalies can cause the little toe to angle inward toward the fourth toe, increasing pressure on the joint. Loose ligaments in the foot can also lead to joint instability, allowing bones to shift out of alignment.
Abnormal foot mechanics, such as excessive pronation where the foot rolls too far inward during walking, can place undue stress on the outer part of the foot.
External Triggers and Contributing Activities
External factors and daily activities can contribute to the formation and aggravation of tailor’s bunions. Footwear is a primary external trigger. Shoes that are tight, narrow, or ill-fitting, particularly those with a pointed toe box, compress the forefoot and exert direct pressure on the little toe joint. This constant squeezing can push the bones out of alignment, leading to the bunion’s development or worsening.
High heels also contribute by shifting body weight forward onto the forefoot, increasing pressure on the toes and metatarsal joints. This altered weight distribution can exacerbate the misalignment and irritation of the fifth MTP joint. Consistent wear can accelerate the condition’s progression.
Certain activities involving repetitive stress on the outer foot are also contributing factors. Prolonged standing or working on one’s feet for long hours increases sustained pressure on the forefoot. Sports and activities that require tight footwear or lateral foot movements, such as ballet, soccer, basketball, or running, can lead to chronic irritation and inflammation of the joint. Trauma or injury to the outer aspect of the foot can also precipitate the onset of a tailor’s bunion.